List of investigational panic disorder drugs
Investigational panic disorder drugs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of investigational panic disorder drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use for the treatment of panic disorder (PD) but are not yet approved.
Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses. The format of list items is "Name (Synonyms) – Mechanism of Action [Reference]".
This list was last comprehensively updated in September 2025. It is likely to become outdated with time.
Under development
Phase 2
- Darigabat (CVL-865; PF-06372865; PF-6372865) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
- HB-1 (HB-01) – undefined mechanism of action
Phase unknown
- Oxybutynin controlled release – muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
- Venlafaxine controlled release – serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Not under development
No development reported
- ADX-71149 (JNJ-1813; JNJ-40411813; JNJ-mGluR2-PAM) – metabotropic glutamate mGlu2 receptor positive allosteric modulator
- Tebideutorexant (JNJ-61393215; JNJ-3215) – orexin OX1 receptor antagonist
Discontinued
- Alprazolam inhalation (AZ-002; FNP-002; Staccato® alprazolam; STAP-001; UCB-7538) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and benzodiazepine
- Alprazolam intranasal (Panistat) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and benzodiazepine
- BTG-1640 (ABIO-08/01; ABIO-0801) – undefined mechanism of action
- Eglumetad (Eglumegad; LY-354740) – metabotropic glutamate mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor agonist
- JNJ-19567470 (CRA-5626; R-317573) – corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1R) antagonist
- Nefazodone (BMY-13754; Dutonin; MJ-13754; MS-13754; Nefadar; Serzone) – serotonin 5-HT1A receptor ligand, serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, weak serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), and other actions
- Xenon (NBTX-001) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist
Clinically used drugs
Approved drugs
- Escitalopram (Cipralex; Entact; Lexapro; LU-26054; MLD-55; (S)-citalopram; Seroplex; Sipralex; Sipralexa) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
- Fluoxetine (LY-110140; Prozac; Reneuron; Sarafem) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
- Fluoxetine (Fluoxetine Tablets) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
- Paroxetine (Aropax; BRL-29060; Deroxat; Divarius; FG-7051; Frosinor; Motivan; NNC-207051; Paxil; Seroxat; SI-211103; Tagonis) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
- Paroxetine (Dropax; Dropaxin; Serestill) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
- Sertraline (Aremis; Besitran; CP-51974; Gladem; Lustral; Serad; Serlain; Tatig; Zoloft) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
- Venlafaxine (Dobupal; Efexor XR; Effexor; Effexor XR; Elafax; WY-45030; WY-45651; WY-45655) – serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Off-label drugs
- Anticonvulsants (e.g., valproic acid)[1]
- Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., quetiapine)[1]
- Azapirones (serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists) (e.g., buspirone)[1][2][3]
- Benzodiazepines (GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators) (e.g., alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam)[1][2][4]
- Beta blockers (e.g., propranolol)[1][2]
- Gabapentinoids (α2δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel ligands) (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin)[1]
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., isocarboxazid, moclobemide, phenelzine, tranylcypromine)[1][2]
- NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g., ketamine, esketamine)[1]
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., citalopram, fluvoxamine)[1][2]
- Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (e.g., desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran)[1][2]
- Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMSs) (e.g., vilazodone, vortioxetine)[1]
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine)[1][2]
- Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) (e.g., mirtazapine)[1][2]
- Others (e.g., hydroxyzine)[1]