List of lords of Tikal
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This is a list of rulers of Tikal, a major Maya city-state during the Classic period. Located in the Maya Lowlands, Tikal is known to have had at least 33 rulers from the 1st through 9th centuries AD. Twenty-seven of these have been identified, as of 2008.[n 1]
Style
- ajaw
- k'uhul ajaw
- kaloomte'
- ochk'in kaloomte'
FirstmonarchYax Ehb Xook
LastmonarchJasaw Chan K'awiil II / last known
Formationc. AD 90
| Ajaw of Tikal | |
|---|---|
Emblem glyph of Tikal | |
 Sihyaj Chan K'awiil II on frontispiece of Stela 31 of Tikal / 2010 photograph by HJPD / via Commons | |
| Details | |
| Style |
|
| First monarch | Yax Ehb Xook |
| Last monarch | Jasaw Chan K'awiil II / last known |
| Formation | c. AD 90 |
| Abolition | c. 869 |
| Residence | Tikal |
Background
The monarchy of Tikal is the oldest yet known in the Maya Lowlands, having been founded at the turn of the 1st century AD.[1] The dynasty is last attested in the late 9th century, after a span of some 800 years and at least 33 rulers.[2] Thorough excavations, first begun by the University of Pennsylvania, and later by the Guatemalan Institute of Archaeology, have uncovered troves of epigraphic data which Mayanists have employed to reconstruct Tikal's dynastic lineage.[2] As of 2008, 27 rulers have been identified, including at least one woman.
List
The following is an annotated, chronological list of known lords of Tikal. A tabular list is provided in the following section.[n 2]
Late Preclassic
- Yax Ehb Xook – r. c. AD 16 or c. AD 60; dynastic founder.
- "Foliated Jaguar"/Huun? B'alam ("Decorated Jaguar") – r. 90.
Early Classic
- Chak Tok Ichʼaak I – r. January 25, 212–292.
- Kʼinich Ehbʼ – r. c. 300.
- Siyaj Chan Kʼawiil I - r. c. 307.
- Ix Uneʼn Bahlam ("Queen Jaguar") – r. 317.
- Way Ko? Chanal Chak Wak ("Leyden Plate Ruler") – r. 320.
- Kʼinich Muwaan Jol I – r. c. 359.
- Chak Tok Ichʼaak II ("Jaguar Paw I") – r. c. 360–378; died on the same day that Siyaj Kʼakʼ arrived in Tikal.
- Yax Nuun Ahiin I – r. 379–404; son of a foreign noble.
- Sihyaj Chan Kʼawiil II ("Stormy Sky II") – r. 411–456; son of Yax Nuun Ayiin I.
- Kʼan Chitam ("Kan Boar") – r. 458–486.
- Maʼkin-na Chan – r. c. late 5th century.
- Chak Tok Ichʼaak III ("Jaguar Paw Skull") – r. 486–508; married "Lady Hand."
- Ix Kaloʼmteʼ Ix Ch'ajan Mut Ix Yo Kʼin ("Lady of Tikal") – r. 511–527; co-ruled with Kaloomteʼ Bʼalam, possibly as consort.
- Kaloomteʼ Bʼalam ("Curl-Head," "19th Lord") – r. 511–527; co-ruled with Ix Kaloʼmteʼ Ix Yo Kʼin as regent.
- "Bird Claw" ("Animal Skull I," "Ete I") – r. c. 527–537.
- Wak Chan Kʼawiil ("Double-Bird") – r. 537–562; captured and possibly sacrificed in Caracol.
- "Lizard Head II" – r. unknown; lost a battle to Caracol in 562.
- K'inich Waaw 508? c. 593–628
Late Classic
- Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I ("Ruler A," "Ah Cacao") – r. 682–734; entombed in Temple I; married Lady Lahan Unen Moʼ; won a battle against Calakmul in 711.
- Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil ("Ruler B") – r. 734–766; tomb unknown.
- "Temple VI Ruler" – r. 766–768.
- Yax Nuun Ayiin II – r. 768–790.
- Nuno'm Ch'e'en ("Dark Sun") – r. c. 810; buried in Temple III.
- "Jewel Kʼawil" – r. 849.
- Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil II – r. 869–889
Table
| Name | a.k.a. | No. | From | To | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yax Ehb Xook |
|
1st | c. 90 | c. 110 | Founder |
| ? |
|
? | ? | ? | – |
| Chak Tok Ich'aak I | 9th? | 212 | c. 280? | Accession 25 Jan. 212. | |
| Kinich Ehb' ...? | 10th | c. 280 | c. 300 | Possible son of Chak Tok Ich'aak I | |
| Sihyaj Chan K'awiil I | – |
11th | c. 307 | c. 310 | Son of Animal Headdress |
| Unen Bahlam | – |
12th? | c. 317 | c. 320 | – |
| K'inich Muwaan Jol |
|
13th | c. 330 | 359 | Death 23 May 359, possibly |
| Chak Tok Ich'aak II |
|
14th | 360 | 378 |
|
| Yax Nuun Ahiin I |
|
? | 379 | c. 404 |
|
| Sihyaj Chan K'awiil II |
|
16th | 411 | 456 |
|
| K'an Chitam |
|
? | 458 | c. 486 |
|
| Chak Tok Ich'aak II |
|
? | c. 486 | 508 |
|
| Ix Ch'ajan Mut Ajaw,
'Ix Yok'in |
|
? | 511 | c. 527? |
|
| Kaloomte' Bahlam | Curl Head |
19th | c. 511 | c. 527 | – |
| ? | Twentieth Ruler |
20th | ? | ? | a.k.a. Bird Claw or Animal Skull I or Ete I, possibly |
| Wak Chan K'awiil | Double Bird |
21st | 537 | 562 |
|
| K'inich Waaw | Animal Skull |
22nd | c. 590 | c. 620 | Son of Fire Cross |
| ? | 23rd | ? | ? | – | |
| ? | 24th | ? | ? | – | |
| Nuun Ujol Chaak |
|
? | c. 655 | c. 680 | Son of K'inich Muwaan Jol II, possibly |
| Jasaw Chan K'awiil I |
|
? | 682 | 734 |
|
| Yik'in Chan K'awiil |
|
27th | 734 | c. 746 |
|
| ? | 28th | c. 766 | 768 | Son of Yik'in Chan K'awiil | |
| Yax Nuun Ahiin II |
|
29th | 768 | c. 794 |
|
| Nuun Ujol K'inich | – |
? | c. 800 | c. 800 | – |
| Nunoo'm Ch'e'en | ? | c. 810 | c. 810 | – | |
| Jewel K'awiil | – |
? | c. 849 | c. 849 | Son of Nuun Ujol K'inich, possibly |
| Jasaw Chan K'awiil II | Stela 11 Ruler |
? | c. 869 | c. 869 | – |
See also
- Maya monarchs, listing known rulers of various Classic and Post-Classic Maya states
- Lists of ancient monarchs, listing lists of known rulers of various ancient Old and New World states