List of lower mass gap objects
List of compact objects with mass of 2.5–5 solar masses
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In astrophysics, the lower mass gap is a mass range between the maximum mass for a typical neutron star and the minimum mass for a typical black hole, often defined as roughly 2.5–5 solar masses (M☉).[1][2][3] A compact object in this mass range often cannot be confidently determined to be a neutron star or a black hole due to uncertainties in measurement[4] and in the maximum mass of a neutron star (the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit).[5]
This list considers a "lower mass gap object" to be any compact object whose estimated mass or mass range overlaps with the range of 2.5–5 M☉.
List
| Object | Mass (M☉) | Classification (if known) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| PSR J1641+3627F | 1.4–3.7 | Neutron star | [6] |
| Primary object in GW190425 | 1.60−2.52 | [7] | |
| Primary object in V1408 Aquilae | 2.0–6.2 | Likely black hole | [8] |
| Secondary object in GW190917_114630 | 2.1+1.1 −0.4 |
[9] | |
| XMMU J013236.7+303228 | 2.2+0.8 −0.6 |
Neutron star | [10] |
| PSR J0952−0607 | 2.35±0.17 | Neutron star | [11] |
| Cygnus X-3 | 2.4+2.1 −1.1 |
Likely black hole | [12] |
| PSR J2017−1614 | 2.4±0.6 | Neutron star | [13] |
| PSR J1600−3053 | 2.5+0.9 −0.7 |
Neutron star | [14] |
| Secondary object in GW190814 | 2.59+0.08 −0.09 |
Likely black hole | [15] |
| GRO J0422+32 | 2.7+0.7 −0.5 |
Black hole | [16] |
| 4U 1543-475 | 2.7–7.5 | Likely black hole | [17] |
| Secondary object in GW200210 | 2.83+0.47 −0.42 |
[18] | |
| 2MASS J05215658+4359220 | 3.3+2.8 −0.7 |
Likely black hole | [19] |
| Primary object in Gaia DR3 3425577610762832384 | 3.6+0.8 −0.5 |
Likely black hole | [20] |
| Primary object in GW230529 | 3.66+0.82 −1.21 |
Likely black hole | [21] |
| GRO J1655−40 | 4.1−7.9 | Likely black hole | [22] |
| GW230529 remnant | 4.92+0.62 −0.63 |
[21] | |
| Secondary object in GW190924_021846 | 5.0+1.4 −1.9 |
[23] | |
| Primary object in GW200115_042309 | 5.7+1.8 −2.1 |
Black hole | [24] |
| Primary object in GW190426_152155 | 5.7+3.9 −2.3 |
[23] | |
| Secondary object in GW230627 | 5.79+0.95 −0.92 |
Black hole | [21] |
| Secondary object in GW191113 | 5.9+4.4 −1.3 |
Black hole | [18] |
| Secondary object in GW190725_174728 | 6.3+2.1 −2.5 |
Likely black hole | [9] |
| Secondary object in GW191129 | 6.7+1.5 −1.7 |
Black hole | [18] |
| Secondary object in GW231223_075055 | 6.80+2.00 −2.13 |
Black hole | [21] |
| Secondary object in GW231118_090602 | 7.29+2.13 −3.27 |
Black hole | [21] |
| Secondary object in GW231020 | 7.30+2.06 −2.85 |
Black hole | [21] |
| Secondary object in GW230729 | 7.62+2.12 −2.63 |
Black hole | [21] |
| Secondary object in GW190930_133541 | 7.8+1.7 −3.3 |
Black hole | [23] |
| Secondary object in GW200316 | 7.8+2.0 −2.9 |
Black hole | [18] |