List of mammals that can get H5N1
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Although a wide variety of bird species have been shown to contract and spread Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, from waterfowl to poultry and birds of prey, mammalian infections have been of particular interest to researchers due to their potential to develop mutations that increase the risk of mammal-to-mammal spread and transmission to and among humans.[1][2][3]
Other influenza strains are common among mammals, including humans, but this list only shows those who have been proven to carry H5N1. In October 2022, farmed mink became the first detected mammal able to engage in mammal-to-mammal spread of H5N1.[3]
| Animal | Date first detected (or publicized) | Spread amongst themselves? | Spreads to humans? | Captive or wild infection? | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpaca | May 2024 | Captive | [4] | ||
| American black bear | November 2022 | [5] | |||
| Amur leopard | September 2022 | [5] | |||
| Arctic fox | 2023 | Captive | [6] | ||
| Asian golden cat | 2009 | Captive | [1] | ||
| Beech marten | 2007 | Wild | [1] | ||
| Bobcat | May 2022 | [5] | |||
| Bottlenose dolphin | August 2022 | [5] | |||
| Caspian seal | December 2022 | Under Investigation | Wild | [7] | |
| Avian influenza in cats | 2004 | Both | [1] | ||
| Cattle | March 2024 | Yes[8][9] | Yes[10][11] | Captive | [12] |
| Clouded leopard | 2009 | Captive | [1] | ||
| Coyote | June 2022 | [5] | |||
| Dog | 2004 | Captive | [1] | ||
| Donkey | 2009 | [1] | |||
| Elephant seal | November 2023 | Wild | [13] | ||
| Eurasian otter | 2021 | Wild | [14] | ||
| Fisher | June 2022 | [5] | |||
| Fur seal | November 2023 | Wild | [13] | ||
| Goat | March 2024 | Captive | [15] | ||
| Grey seal | July 2022 | Wild | [5] | ||
| Grizzly bear | December 2022 | [5] | |||
| Harbor seal | July 2022 | Wild | [5] | ||
| Human | May 1997 | [16] | |||
| Kodiak bear | December 2022 | [5] | |||
| Leopard | 2003 | Captive | [1] | ||
| Lion | 2009 | Captive | [1] | ||
| Mink | October 2022 | Yes[2] | Captive | [3] | |
| Mountain lion | March 2023 | [5] | |||
| Mouse | June 2024 | Wild | [5] | ||
| Owston's palm civet | 2006 | [1] | |||
| Pig | 2004 | Captive | [1] | ||
| Polar bear | December 2023 | Wild | [17] | ||
| Raccoon | June 2022 | [5] | |||
| Rat | Feb 2025 | [18] | |||
| Red fox | May 2021 | Wild | [19] | ||
| Sea lion | November 2022 | Wild | [20] | ||
| Sheep | March 2025 | [21] | |||
| Skunk | August 2022 | [5] | |||
| Striped skunk | June 2022 | [5] | |||
| Tiger | 2003 | Captive | [1] | ||
| Virginia opossum | May 2022 | [5] |