List of mannerist structures in Central Poland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The mannerist architecture and sculpture in Poland have two major traditions: Polish-Italian and Dutch-Flemish, that dominated in northern Poland.[1] The Silesian mannerism of South-Western Poland was largely influenced by Bohemian and German mannerism, while the Pomeranian mannerism of North-Western Poland was influenced by Gothic tradition and Northern German mannerism. The Jews in Poland adapted patterns of Italian and Polish mannerism to their own tradition.[2] The mannerist complex of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska and mannerist City of Zamość are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Lublin region created its own style with folk motives (Kazimierz Dolny), while the urban mannerism in Greater Poland replaced the Gothic gables with Italian style arcades, tympanums, friezes and pillars in tuscan order (Poznań). Warsaw, as one of the main cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and due to its role as seat of Parliament and King, was a place of meetings of cultures.[3] The mannerist architecture in the city was a combination of many types of mannerist traditions.

The Bohemian mannerism had also large influence on the architecture and sculpture in Poland.[4] This concerned not only the lands that were part of the Kingdom of Bohemia, like Silesia.[4] Bohemian mannerism in Silesia joined the Prague renaissance with its brunelleschian arcades (inspired by Queen Anna Jagiellon's Belvedere in Prague, 1535–1537) and German influences originating from the late Gothic (steep gable with renaissance decoration).

Place Building Date of construction Style and history Image
Grodzisk Wielkopolski Church of St. Jadwiga of Silesia 1640 Polish mannerism (architect Krzysztof Bonadura the Elder).[5] The original 15th-century Gothic church was enlarged and rebuilt in mannerist style at initiative of Jan Opaliński, voivode of Poznań and his son Aleksander.[5] During the reconstruction the presbytery was covered by a polygonal dome carried on a drum and four side chapels were added to the transept. The domed chapels with lanterns were modelled after the Sigismund's Chapel.
Poznań City Hall 1550–1567 Italian/Polish mannerism (architect Giovanni Battista di Quadro). The town hall was built during the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries.[6] In the 16th century the building was enhanced, roofs were covered with attics and facade was embellished with a three-story loggia.[6]
Poznań Cathedral - Tomb of bishop Goślicki after 1607 Polish mannerism. It was established for Wawrzyniec Goślicki, bishop of Poznań by his heirs. The tomb monument, situated in St. Martin's Chapel, was made of black and red marble.[7] The deceased was depicted sleeping under canopy supported by two angels.[7] It was modelled after the neighbouring Konarski's tomb monument by Canavesi.
Poznań Cathedral - Tomb of bishop Izdbieński 1557–1560 Polish mannerism (sculptor Jan Michałowicz of Urzędów). It was established for Benedykt Izdbieński, bishop of Poznań by his heirs. The tomb was carved in sandstone and red marble and adorned with profuse floral decorations.[8] Characteristic for Michałowicz blend of Flemish and Italian influences is visible in the tomb.[8]
Poznań Cathedral - Tomb of bishop Konarski 1575–1576 Polish mannerism (design by Giovanni Battista di Quadro).[9] It was established for Adam Konarski, bishop of Poznań by his heirs. The tomb was carved by Hieronim Canavesi[9] in sandstone and red marble in tuscan order.[10] Sculptures characterize with rough moulding of stone and simplification of details.[10]
Ridt House 1576 Polish mannerism (Greater Poland type, architect Giovanni Battista di Quadro).[11] The Gothic building was purchased in 1566 by Zachariasz Ridt, a rich cloth and leather merchant.[11] Zachariasz, who was also a senior pastor of the Lutheran community in Poznań, rebuilt the house in mannerist style.[11] The tuscan order, decorative features of the gable (volutes and pillars) as well as division of facade surfaces with simple details are typical for Greater Poland mannerism.

Lublin Voivodeship

Place Building Date of construction Style and history Image
Gołąb Church of St. Catherine and St. Florian 1628–1638 Polish mannerism (circle of Santi Gucci) with elements of Dutch mannierism (ferrule ornament).[12] The church was established by priest Szymon Grzybowski.[12]
Loreto House 1634–1642 Italian mannerism, an exact replica of the Loreto House in Italy.[12] Founded by Chancellor Jerzy Ossoliński.[12] The main decorating features are ceramic statues of prophets, created under strong influence of Michelangelo's works.[12]
Janowiec Firlej Castle 1577–1587, beginning of the 17th century Polish mannerism (architect Santi Gucci).[13] Andrzej Firlej built a new representative eastern wing with arcades and mannerist attic.[13]
Church of St. Margaret late 16th century Polish mannerism. The original church was built in about 1350 and rebuilt for a Calvinist Andrzej Firlej, castellan of Lublin.[14]
Kazimierz Dolny Celej House before 1635 Polish mannerism (Lublin type, circle of Santi Gucci), the attic is decorated with folk motives (basilisks, dragons and birds among others)[15] Built for a wealthy merchant Bartłomiej Celej.
Church of St. John the Baptist and St. Bartholomew 1586–1613 Polish mannerism (architect Jakub Balin). The original 14th-century building burned in 1561.[16] The initiators of the reconstruction and the founders were the Firlejs.[16] The church was enhanced and covered with a cradle vault with lanterns. The Gothic gables were rebuilt in the late renaissance style.[16]
Mikołaj Przybyła Granary 1591 Polish mannerism. In the beginning of the 17th century there was about 60 granaries in the town.[17]
Przybyła Houses 1615 Polish mannerism (Lublin type with folk motives).[18] Built for two brothers Mikołaj and Krzysztof Przybyła.[18]
Krupe Orzechowski Castle after 1577, 1604–1608 Polish mannerism. The castle was constructed for an arian Paweł Orzechowski starting from the original Krupski mansion.[19] It was built as a fortified palace and decorated with attics. Facades were adorned with sgraffitos and cordon cornices.
Lublin Carmelite Church 1635–1644 Polish mannerism (Lublin type).[20] The church was founded by Katarzyna z Kretków Sanguszkowa for Discalced Carmelite Sisters.[20] The main gabled facade was decorated with arcade-pilaster divisions and frescoes. Nave elevations were divided with pilasters supporting the console cornice.[20]
Chociszewski House first half of the 17th century Polish mannerism (Lublin type). The original house of Stefan z Wilczyna, canon of Chełm from the beginning of the 16th century, was rebuilt probably for the Chociszewski Family.[21] They purchased the house in 1630 under appropriation to keep a wine warehouse and a pharmacy. Richly decorated attic was added at that time.[21]
Dominican Church 1575 Polish mannerism (Lublin type). After the fire in 1575 the Gothic church (built in 1342) was covered with a mannerist cradle vault with lanterns, and the original 14th-century gable was adorned in late renaissance style.[22]
Dominican Church - Ossoliński Chapel 1624 Polish mannerism (Lublin type). The chapel was established by Katarzyna Ossolińska. It was covered with a cradle vault with lantern and adorned with mannerist stucco decorations (winged angels, leaf wreaths).[23]
Konopnica House 1575 Polish mannerism. The original late Gothic house (built before 1512) was obtained by Sebastian Konopnica as a dowry of his wife Katarzyna z Kretków.[24] Konopnica, city mayor of Lublin, rebuilt the house in mannerist style.[24] Rich decorations of windows with medallions bearing effigies of Sebastian Konopnica and his wife Katarzyna are attributed to Pińczów workshop.[24]
Uchanie Church of the Assumption of Mary - Uchański Tomb c. 1607 Polish mannerism (sculptor Santi Gucci).[25] Established by Anny Herburtówna to commemorate herself and her husband Paweł Uchański, voivode of Bełz.[25] Made of sandstone with marble incrustatins, adorned with profuse floral and animal decorations. The effigies of the deceased were carved in alabaster.[25]
Zamość Armenian Houses No. 30-26 first half of the 17th century Polish mannerism. No. 30 (green) - rebuilt in 1665–74 for Jan Wilczek and adorned with profuse floral-animal motives, No. 28 (dark yellow) - built in 1645–47 for Bazyli Rudomicz professor of the Zamojski Academy, No. 26 (red) - built in 1632–34 for Armenian merchant Gabriel Bartoszewicz.[26]
Cathedral 1587–1637 Polish mannerism (Lublin type, architect Bernardo Morando).[27] It was constructed as a three-nave basilica with side chapels.[27] The main 20m high nave was covered with a cradle vault with lanterns. The naves are divided by thick corinthian pillars crowned with richly decorated entablature. Vaults were embellished with moldings (geometric, floral and figural motives).[27]
Fortifications 1582–1618 Polish mannerism (architect Bernardo Morando). The construction was started by Morando and accomplished after his death (1600) by Andrea dell'Aqua, Jan Jaroszewicz and Jan Wolff.[28]
House of Dymitr Grek first half of the 17th century Polish mannerism (lublin type). At the beginning of the 17th century the allotment belonged to Dymitr Grek.[29] Later the brick house was built for Wojciech Wnuk, wójt of Zamość. That house was rebuilt for Gaspor Achterloni and adorned with a mannerist attic.[29]
Lublin Gate 1582–1585 Polish mannerism. The facade was decorated with allegorical personification of Poland.[30]
Lublin House c. 1591 Polish mannerism. The Lublin House was built for a Greek merchant Laguda. The succeeding owner was Edwert of Lublin. Original mannerist attic preserved at the outbuilding (No. 25a).[31]
Lviv Gate 1597–1599 Polish mannerism (architect Bernardo Morando). The facade was adorned with bas-relief depicting St. Thomas the Apostle (patron saint of the city) kneeling before the Christ, Zamoyski family crests and a Latin inscription.[32]
Morando House c. 1590 Polish mannerism (architect Bernardo Morando). The house was designed and built by Morando (architect of Zamość). The arcades were embellished with rustication, while the frieze above the arcades was enriched with bas-reliefs.[33]
Synagogue 1610–1620 Jewish mannerism. Built for the Sephardi Jews. The interior was richly decorated with stucco in Kalisian-Lublin style. The main part was a great pray hall (11.5 x 12.2 m).[34]
The house under the Madonna 1642–1657 Polish mannerism (Lublin type). One of Armenian Houses (No. 22). Built for a Lviv merchant Sołtan Sachwelowicz.[26] The main decorating feature is a relief depicting Madonna Trampling the Dragon.[35] This relief gave its name to the house.
The house under the Married Couple c. 1634-1657 Polish mannerism (lublin type). One of Armenian Houses (No. 24). Built for an Armenian merchant Torosz.[36] The main decorating feature is a frieze enriched with floral bas-reliefs and a molding above depicting grotesque figures of man and woman.[36] This relief gave its name to the house.[36]
Town Hall 1591–1622 Polish mannerism (architect Bernardo Morando). Between 1639-1651 it was rebuilt by Jan Jaroszewicz and Jan Wolff.[37] The building was enlarged and enhanced by adding another storey with high mannerist attic, while the horseshoe shaped staircase is an 18th-century addition.[37] The clock tower is 52 meters tall and consist of five levels on square and octagonal plan.

Lubusz Voivodeship

Place Building Date of construction Style and history Image
Siedlisko Castle Gate c. 1612 German mannerism (architect Valentin von Säbisch). The gate building was intended to house a library and an arsenal.[38] The main decorating features are gables with volutes and a portal with rusticated masonry.
Schönaich Castle 1597–1618 German mannerism (architect Melchior Duckhardt). The original wooden castrum in Sedlscho was replaced between 1550-1560 by a brick building.[38] It was later enlarged and reconstructed for Georg Schönaich, who also built a chapel (Protestant rood screen) with mannerist decorations.[38]

Łódź Voivodeship

Place Building Date of construction Style and history Image
Pabianice Manor house 1565–1571 Polish mannerism (architect Wawrzyniec Lorek). Built for canon Stanisław Dąbrowski.[39]
Poddębice Grudziński Palace 1610–1617 Polish mannerism (Lublin-Kuyavian type).[40] Built for Zygmunt Grudziński, voivode of Rawa.[40]

Masovian Voivodeship

See also

Notes and references

Related Articles

Wikiwand AI