List of marine mammal species
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marine mammals comprise over 130 living and recently extinct species in three taxonomic orders. The Society for Marine Mammalogy, an international scientific society, maintains a list of valid species and subspecies, most recently updated in October 2015.[1] This list follows the Society's taxonomy regarding and subspecies.
Conservation status codes listed follow the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v. 2014.3; data current at 19 January 2015[2]) and are clickable to link to IUCN Red List species pages.
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Order Cetartiodactyla
Footnote on use of Cetartiodactyla[a]
Cetacea
Mysticeti
Balaenidae
- North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis EN IUCN
- North Pacific right whale, Eubalaena japonica EN IUCN
- Southern right whale, Eubalaena australis LC IUCN
- Bowhead whale or Greenland right whale, Balaena mysticetus LC IUCN
Balaenopteridae
- Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC IUCN (ssp. acutorostrata - North Atlantic minke whale NE, ssp. scammoni - North Pacific minke whale NE, unnamed ssp. dwarf minke whale NE)
- Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis DD IUCN
- Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN IUCN (ssp. borealis - northern sei whale NE, ssp. schlegellii - southern sei whale NE)
- Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD IUCN (ssp. brydei - Bryde's whale NE, ssp. edeni - Eden's whale NE )
- Omura's whale, Balaenoptera omurai DD IUCN
- Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN IUCN (ssp. musculus - northern blue whale NE, ssp. brevicauda - pygmy blue whale DD IUCN, ssp. intermedia - southern blue whale CR IUCN, ssp. indica - great Indian blue whale NE)
- Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN IUCN (ssp. patachonica pygmy fin whale NE, ssp. physalus - northern fin whale NE but Mediterranean Subpopulation VU IUCN, ssp. quoyi - southern fin whale NE)
- Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC IUCN (ssp. novaeangliae North Atlantic humpback whale NE, ssp. kuzira - North Pacific humpback whale NE, ssp. australis - southern humpback whale NE but Oceania subpopulation EN IUCN, isolated subpopulation in Arabian Sea EN IUCN)
Neobalaenidae
- Pygmy right whale, Caperea marginata DD IUCN
Eschrichtiidae
- Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus LC IUCN
Odontoceti
Physeteridae
- Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU IUCN
Kogiidae
- Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps DD IUCN
- Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia simus DD IUCN
Ziphiidae
- Arnoux's beaked whale, Berardius arnuxii DD IUCN
- Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii DD IUCN
- Sato's beaked whale, Berardius minimus NT IUCN
- Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus DD IUCN
- Southern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon planifrons LC IUCN
- Tropical bottlenose whale, Indopacetus pacificus DD IUCN
- Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD IUCN
- Andrews' beaked whale, Mesoplodon bowdoini DD IUCN
- Hubbs' beaked whale, Mesoplodon carlhubbsi DD IUCN
- Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD IUCN
- Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus DD IUCN
- Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD IUCN
- Gray's beaked whale, Mesoplodon grayi DD IUCN
- Hector's beaked whale, Mesoplodon hectori DD IUCN
- Deraniyagala's beaked whale, Mesoplodon hotaula NE
- Strap-toothed whale, Mesoplodon layardii DD IUCN
- True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus DD IUCN
- Perrin's beaked whale, Mesoplodon perrini DD IUCN
- Pygmy beaked whale, Mesoplodon peruvianus DD IUCN
- Stejneger's beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri DD IUCN
- Spade-toothed whale, Mesoplodon traversii DD IUCN
- Shepherd's beaked whale, Tasmacetus shepherdi DD IUCN
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC IUCN
Platanistidae
- Ganges river dolphin, Platanista gangetica EN IUCN
- Indus river dolphin, Platanista minor EN IUCN
Iniidae
- Amazon river dolphin, Inia geoffrensis DD IUCN (ssp. geoffrensis - common boto NE, ssp. boliviensis - Bolivian bufeo NE)
Lipotidae
Pontoporiidae
- La Plata dolphin (Franciscana), Pontoporia blainvillei VU IUCN
Monodontidae
Delphinidae
- Dusky dolphin, Aethalodelphis obscurus DD IUCN (ssp. fitzroyi - Fitzroy's dolphin NE, ssp. obscurus - African dusky dolphin NE, ssp. posidonia - Chilean dusky dolphin NE, unnamed spp. - New Zealand dusky dolphin NE)
- Pacific white-sided dolphin, Aethalodelphis obliquidens LC IUCN
- Peale's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus australis DD IUCN
- Commerson's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonii DD IUCN (ssp. commersonii - Commerson's dolphin NE, ssp. kerguelenensis - Kerguelen Islands Commerson's dolphin NE)
- Hourglass dolphin, Cephalorhynchus cruciger LC IUCN
- Chilean dolphin, Cephalorhynchus eutropia NT IUCN
- Heaviside's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus heavisidii DD IUCN
- Hector's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus hectori (ssp. hectori - South Island Hector's dolphin EN IUCN, ssp. maui - Maui's dolphin or North Island Hector's dolphin CR IUCN)
- Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis DD IUCN (ssp. capensis - long-beaked common dolphin NE, ssp. tropicalis - Indo-Pacific common dolphin NE)
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC IUCN (ssp. delphis - short-beaked common dolphin Mediterranean Subpopulation EN IUCN, ssp. ponticus - Black Sea common dolphin VU IUCN)
- Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD IUCN
- Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus DD IUCN
- Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas DD IUCN (ssp. edwardii - southern long-finned pilot whale NE, ssp. melas - North Atlantic long-finned pilot whale NE, unnamed spp. - North Pacific long-finned pilot whale EX)
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus LC IUCN
- Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei LC IUCN
- White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC IUCN
- Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus LC IUCN
- Northern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis borealis LC IUCN
- Southern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis peronii DD IUCN
- Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris VU IUCN
- Australian snubfin dolphin, Orcaella heinsohni NT IUCN
- Orca (killer whale), Orcinus orca DD IUCN (unnamed ssp. - resident killer whale NE, unnamed ssp. transient killer whale NE)
- Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra LC IUCN
- False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD IUCN
- Atlantic humpback dolphin, Sousa teuszii VU IUCN
- Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin, Sousa chinensis NT IUCN, (ssp. chinensis - Chinese humpback dolphin NE, ssp. taiwanensis - Taiwanese humpback dolphins NE)
- Indian Ocean humpback dolphin, Sousa plumbea NE
- Australian humpback dolphin, Sousa sahulensis NE
- Tucuxi, Sotalia fluvialis DD IUCN
- Guiana dolphin (Costero), Sotalia guianensis DD IUCN
- Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata LC IUCN (ssp. attenuata - Offshore pantropical spotted dolphin NE, ssp. graffmani - Coastal pantropical spotted dolphin NE)
- Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene DD IUCN
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC IUCN
- Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD IUCN
- Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris DD IUCN (ssp. centroamericana - Central American spinner dolphin NE, ssp. longirostris - Gray's spinner dolphin NE, ssp. orientalis - Eastern spinner dolphin VU IUCN, ssp. roseiventris - dwarf spinner dolphin NE)
- Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis LC IUCN
- Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus DD IUCN
- Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC IUCN (ssp. truncatus - Atlantic bottlenose dolphin Fiordland subpopulation CR IUCN and Mediterranean subpopulation VU IUCN, ssp. gillii - Pacific bottlenose dolphin, ssp. poncticus - Black Sea bottlenose dolphin CR IUCN)
- Burrunan dolphin, Tursiops australis NE
Phocoenidae
- Indo-Pacific finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides VU IUCN
- Narrow-ridged finless porpoise, Neophocaena asiaeorientalis VU IUCN, (spp. asiaeorientalis - Yangtze finless porpoise CR IUCN, ssp. sumameri - East Asian finless porpoise (sunameri) NE)
- Spectacled porpoise, Phocoena dioptrica DD IUCN
- Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena LC IUCN (Baltic Sea subpopoulation CR IUCN) (ssp. phocoena - Atlantic harbour porpoise NE, ssp. vomerina - Eastern Pacific harbour porpoise NE, ssp. relicta - Black Sea harbour porpoise EN IUCN, unnamed ssp. Western Pacific harbour porpoise NE)
- Vaquita, Phocoena sinus CR IUCN
- Burmeister's porpoise, Phocoena spinipinnis DD IUCN
- Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli LC IUCN (ssp. dalli - Dalli-type Dall's porpoise NE, ssp. truei - Truei-type Dall's porpoiseNE)
Order Sirenia
Trichechidae
- Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis VU IUCN
- West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus VU IUCN (ssp. latirostris - Florida manatee EN IUCN, ssp. manatus - Antillean manatee EN IUCN)
- African manatee, Trichechus senegalensis VU IUCN
Dugongidae
Order Carnivora
Pinnipedia
Otariidae
- Brown fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus LC IUCN (ssp. pusillus - Cape fur seal NE, ssp. doriferus - Australian fur seal NE)
- South American fur seal, Arctophoca australis LC IUCN (ssp. australis - South American fur seal NE, unnamed ssp. - Peruvian fur seal NE)
- New Zealand fur seal, Arctophoca forsteri LC IUCN
- Galápagos fur seal, Arctophoca galapagoensis EN IUCN
- Antarctic fur seal, Arctophoca gazella LC IUCN
- Juan Fernández fur seal, Arctophoca philippii LC IUCN
- Guadalupe fur seal, Arctophoca townsendi LC IUCN
- Subantarctic fur seal, Arctophoca tropicalis LC IUCN
- Northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus VU IUCN
- Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus NT IUCN (ssp. jubatus - western Steller sea lion EN IUCN, ssp. monteriensis - Loughlin's Steller sea lion LC IUCN)
- Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea EN IUCN
- South American sea lion, Otaria byronia LC IUCN
- New Zealand sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri EN IUCN
- California sea lion, Zalophus californianus LC IUCN
- Japanese sea lion, Zalophus japonicus EX IUCN
- Galápagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki EN IUCN
Odobenidae
- Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus DD IUCN (ssp. divergens - Pacific walrus NE, ssp. rosmarus - Atlantic walrus NE)
Phocidae
- Hooded seal, Cystophora cristata VU IUCN
- Bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus LC IUCN (ssp. barbatus - Atlantic bearded seal NE, ssp. nauticus - Pacific bearded seal NE)
- Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus LC IUCN (ssp. grypus - Western Atlantic grey seal NE, ssp. macrorhynchus - Eastern Atlantic grey seal NE)
- Ribbon seal, Histriophoca fasciata DD IUCN
- Leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx LC IUCN
- Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddellii LC IUCN
- Crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophagus LC IUCN
- Southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina LC IUCN
- Northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris LC IUCN
- Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus VU IUCN
- Hawaiian monk seal, Neomonachus schauinslandi CR IUCN
- Caribbean monk seal, Neomonachus tropicalis EX IUCN
- Ross seal, Ommatophoca rossii LC IUCN
- Harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus LC IUCN
- Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina LC IUCN (ssp. vitulina - Atlantic harbor seal NE, ssp. mellonae - Ungava harbor seal NE, ssp. richardii - Pacific harbour seal NE)
- Spotted seal, Phoca largha DD IUCN
- Ringed seal, Pusa hispida LC IUCN (ssp. hispida - Arctic ringed seal NE, ssp. botnica - Baltic ringed seal NE, ssp. ochotensis - Okhotsk ringed seal NE, ssp. ladogensis - Lake Logoda ringed seal NE, ssp. saimensis - Saima seal )
- Caspian seal, Pusa caspica EN IUCN
- Baikal seal, Pusa sibirica LC IUCN
Ursidae
- Polar bear, Ursus maritimus VU IUCN
Mustelidae
- Sea otter, Enhydra lutris EN IUCN (ssp. kenyoni - northern sea otter NE, ssp. lutris - common sea otter NE, ssp. nereis - southern sea otter NE)
- Marine otter, Lontra felina EN IUCN
- Sea mink, Neogale macrodon EX IUCN
See also
- List of mammals
- List of cetaceans
- Vancouver Coastal Sea wolf, a subspecies of gray wolf that has been described as semiaquatic, and is placed at the top of its marine food web
Footnotes
- The use of Order Cetartiodactyla, instead of Cetacea with Suborders Odontoceti and Mysticeti, is favored by most evolutionary mammalogists working with molecular data[3][4][5][6] and is supported by the IUCN Cetacean Specialist Group[7] and by the Taxonomy Committee[8] of the Society for Marine Mammalogy, the largest international association of marine mammal scientists in the world. See Cetartiodactyla and Marine mammal articles for further discussion.