List of motorways in Russia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of Russian federal highways and the motorway portions of them. Note that Russian federal highways in their entirety have often been mistakenly called "motorways" in English, even though they are traditionally two-lane physically undivided roads (i.e. not controlled access highways), due to their traditional name "Avtomagistral" (Автомагистраль) which can be translated to "motorway".
In 2025, Russia will have a nationwide motorway network with a length of 2,140.9 km and expressway network of 2,773.4 km.
The motorways and expressways have the numbering of the Russian federal highway network or their own name, as there is no separate numbering system for motorways and expressways and their sections are mostly part of the Russian federal highway network. The legal speed limit on motorways and expressways is 110 km/h, and 130 km/h[1] on some newly upgraded sections of motorway. Sections of Russian federal highway that have been upgraded to motorway status are marked with green signs. Federal highway roads that have been upgraded to expressways or dual and single carriageway with road junction are marked with blue signs.
In the classification of Russian federal highway roads, motorways are assigned to technical category IA and expressways to technical category IB.[2]
Motorways
Motorways are designated as Category IA roads.
| Name or road number | Total length of the road number | Motorway | Total length as motorway |
|---|---|---|---|
 Crimea | 720 km | 21–178 km (Moscow – Tula) | 157 km |
 Don | 1517 km | 20–121 km (Moscow – Kashira)
516–544 km (Voronezh – Rogachevka) 1024–1072 km (Novopersianovka – Rostov-on-Don) 1362–1374 km (Psekups – Saratovskaya) |
187.7 km |
| M5 Ural | 2089 km | 68–87 km (Ulianino - Nepetsino) | 20.9 km |
 Volga | 1342 km | 0–45 km (Bypass Nizhny Novgorod) | 45.2 km |
 Kholmogory | 1271 km | 94–112 km (Vladimir Oblast) | 18 km |
 Baltia | 610 km | 19–114 km (Moscow – Volokolamsk) | 95 km |
 Neva | 684 km | 15–684 km (Moscow – Saint Petersburg) | 669 km |
 Vostok | 1600 km | 14–34 km (former  , Perm – Bershet)
1211–1486 km (Dyurtyuli – Achit)[3] |
295 km |
 Central Ring Road |
525 km | 0–251 km (Bukharovo – Lisintsevo) | 251 km |
 Saint Petersburg Ring Road | 142.2 km | Entire | 142.2 km |
 [4] | 189 km | 6–67 km (Kemerovo – Leninsk-Kuznetsky) | 61 km |
| Spur route Klin | 4 km | Entire | 4 km |
| Mezhdunarodnoye shosse (Moscow) | 3.3 km | Entire | 3.3 km |
| Western Rapid Diameter | 46.6 km | Entire | 46.6 km |
| Motorway Shali – Bavly | 299 km | 52–197 km (Alexeyevskoye – Almetyevsk)[5] | 145 km |
| Total | 2,140.9 km | ||
Former motorways
| Name or road number | Total length of the road number | Motorway | Total length as motorway | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Ural | 1879 km | 10 km in Samara Oblast 24 km[6] in Chelyabinsk Oblast |
34 km | Downgraded to Dual carriageway in November 2020[7] |
| Total | 34 km | |||
Expressways
Expressways are designated as Category IB roads.
| Name or road number | Total length of the road number | Expressway | Total length as expressway |
|---|---|---|---|
 Belarus | 515 km | 0–66 km (Moscow – Kubinka)
380–383 km |
73.4 km [8] |
 Ukraine | 474.5 km | 3.2–15 km (Leo Tolstoy Village – Kaluga)
65–86 km (Selomovo – Korakovo) 106–194 km (Obninsk – Kaluga) |
120 km [9] |
 Don | 1,517 km | 170–194 km (Venyov – Karniki)
228–260 km (Bogoroditsk – Kusovka) 296–322 km (Zalesskoe – Pushkari) 339–460 km (Babarykino – Horse-Kolodezsky) 493–516 km (Voronezh International Airport) – Voronezh) 633–715 km (Losevo – Verkhny Mamon) 0–51 km (Krasnodar bypass section: Plastunovskaya – Maryanskaya) |
359 km |
Ural | 3,287.7 km | 130–194 km (Yekaterinburg - Cherkaskul)
199–221 km (Ulyanovsk Bypass) 233–235 km (Ulyanovsk Bypass) 1342–1351 km 1365-1380 km 1395-1480 (Ufa Bypass) |
199 km [10] |
 Kholmogory | 1271 km | 17–35 km (Moscow – Pushkino) | 18 km |
 Russia | 872 km | 594–674 km (Saint Petersburg – Chudovo) | 80.6 km [11] |
 Vostok | 810.3 km | 27–837 km (Moscow – Kazan) | 810.3 km [12] |
 | 23 km | 24–42 km (Moscow – Moscow Domodedovo Airport) | 18 km |
 | 239 km | 0–8 km
164–167 km 169–204 km (Sochi – Adler) |
38.1 km [13] |
| A157 | 46.9 km | 0–37.5 km (Mineralnye Vody Airport - Yessentukskaya)
46–46.3 km (Kislovodsk) |
36.8 km [14] |
 Scandinavia | 160.56 km | 65–100 km (Ilyichevo – Kirillovskoye)
203–204 km (Torfyanovka) |
36 km [15] |
| A217 Primorskoye polukoltso | 52.4 km | 4–46 km | 42 km [16] |
 | 178.6 km | 3–13.5 km (Novorossiysk)
71.5–72.6 (Dzhiginka) 101–168.6 (Starotitarovskaya – Kerch) |
79.2 km [17] |
| A295 | 118.9 km | 14.3–33.4 km (Yoshkar-Ola – Silikatniy)
114.5–126.3 km (Zelenodolsk – Kazan) |
30.9 km [18] |
 Kola | 2,038.8 km | 12–52 km (Saint Petersburg – Sinyavino)
68–75 km (Naziya) |
46.4 km [19] |
 Caspian Highway | 1,785.2 km | 0–7 km (Pushkari – Tambov) | 7.4 km [20] |
| R120 | 493.1 km | 320.1–359.8 km (Smolensk – Pochinok) | 39.7 km [21] |
 Kavkaz | 1118 km | 1–6 km (Inozemtsevo bypass section)
92–103 km (Maykop) 602–622 km (In Chechnya) 656–659 km (In Chechnya) 708–718 km (In Chechnya) 1–27 km (Gudermes bypass section) |
70 km [22] |
| R228 Syzran - Saratov - Volgograd | 714.1 km | 661–669 km (Yerzovka) | 8.2 km [23] |
| R240 Ufa - Orenburg | 336.8 km | 8–112 km (Ufa – Sterlitamak) | 104.1 km [24] |
 | 1,133.8 km | 172.9–182.9 km (Sibirsky) | 10 km [25] |
 | 960.6 km | 11.7–30 km (Tyumen - Kaskara)
122.4–124.9 km (Cheganova) 143.5–145 km (Tobolsk) |
22.4 km [26] |
 | 189 km | 0–6 km (Kemerovo International Airport – Novostroyka)
67–189 km (Leninsk-Kuznetsky – Novokuznetsk) |
128 km |
 Moscow Ring Road | 108.9 km | Entire | 108.9 km |
| North-Eastern Chord | 40 km | Entire | 40 km |
| South-Eastern Chord | 36 km | Entire | 26 km |
| Bagration Avenue (Moscow) | 11 km | Entire | 10.3 km |
| Third Ring Road | 35.1 km | Entire | 35.1 km |
| Tolyatti Bypass | 98.3 km | Entire | 98.3 km |
| Khabarovsk Bypass | 52.8 km | 13–41 km (Khabarovsk Novy Airport – Ilinka) | 27.1 km |
| Kemerovo Northwestern bypass | 47.6 km | Entire | 47.6 km |
| Moscow High-Speed Diameter | 68 km | Entire (together with North-Eastern and South-Eastern Chord) | (68 km) |
| Eastern Speed Diameter (Saint Petersburg) | 2.6 km | 0–2.6 km (Western Rapid Diameter – Vitebskiy Avenue)[27] | 2.6 km |
| Total | 2,773.4 km | ||
Dual carriageways and toll roads (speed limit 100–110 km/h)
Dual carriageways with speed limits of 100–110 km/h are designated as Category IB and IW roads. However, they are not officially signposted as expressways, as some sections are regulated to a speed limit of 90 km/h by lane control lights in winter and some sections are classified as Category IW. Some sections are toll roads.
| Name or road number | Total length of the road number | Dual carriageways | Total length as Dual carriageways |
|---|---|---|---|
Don | 1517 km | 715–777 km (Boguchar bypass section)
777–933 km (In Rostov Oblast) 1091–1119 km (In Rostov Oblast) |
246 km |
Ural | 2089 km | 28–37 km (Oktyabrskoye-Ostrovets bypass section)
982–1031 km (Tolyatti – Samara) |
58 km |
 Volga | 858 km | 879–896 km (Kazan - Naberezhnye Chelny)
975–985 km (Kazan - Naberezhnye Chelny) |
27 km |
Vostok | ~1600 km | 33–47 km (Bershet - Kukushtan, former P242 Perm — Yekaterinburg) | 14 km |
 Orenburgsky Trakt | 900 km | 14–20 km (Kazan - Kazan International Airport) | 6 km |
 Sortavala | 512.7 km | 1–72 km (A118 - Varshko) | 71 km |
| A229 | 25 km | 10–25 km (Kaliningrad - Chernyakhovsk - Chernyshevskoye) | 15 km |
| A289 | 119 km | 14–133 km (Crimean Bridge - Krasnodar bypass section) [28] |
119 km |
 Ussuri | 760 km | 622–637 km
675-690 km |
30 km |
| 05A-614 | 14 km | 0–14 km (from to Amur Bay Bridge) |
14 km |
| 27A-007 | 15.3 km | 0–15.3 km (Kaliningrad north bypass) | 15.3 km |
| Mytishchi High-Speed Chord | 16.1 km | Entire | 16.1 km |
| Total | 631.4 km | ||
Motorways or expressways under construction or planned
| Name or road number | Section | Technical category | Total length | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Belarus |
66–160 km (Moscow Oblast) | IB (Expressway) | 94 km | Reconstruction of M1 to 2030 |
Crimea |
178–456 km (Tula western bypass) | IA (Motorway) | 54 km | Section between Aleshnya and Lapotkovo near Shchekino is planned |
Ukraine |
86–124 km (Korakovo – Maloyaroslavets) | IB (Expressway) | 38 km | Reconstruction of M3 from 2024 to 2026 |
Central Ring Road |
251–403 km (Lisintsevo – M11) | IA (Motorway) | 152 km | Start of construction in 2025 |
|
0–171 km (Dzhubga – Sochi) | IB (Expressway) | 171 km | The section will be completed in 2029[29] |
| Motorway Shali – Bavly | 197–299 km (Almetyevsk – Bavly) | IA (Motorway) | 102 km | Section is planned |
| Adler bypass | 0–7.8 km (North of Adler) | IB (Expressway) | 7.8 km | The section will be completed in 2026[30] |
| Eastern Speed Diameter | 2.6–27.4 km (Vitebskiy Avenue – R21) | IB (Expressway) | 24.8 km | Section is planned |
| Total | 643.6 km | |||