List of nuclear fusion companies

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Commercial fusion is a term used to refer to privately or publicly held companies which aim to sell electricity produced by nuclear fusion. The industry now consists of over 40 companies that have attracted a combined total of more than $7 billion in investment.[1][2]

Commercial fusion companies

Companies pursue various different fusion methods for reactors. Some pursue one method, such as magnetic, inertial, or electrostatic confinement. Some pursue hybrid methods such as magneto–inertial or magneto–electrostatic confinement. More methods exist; see below:

More information Company, Years active ...
Company Years
active
Method Fuel Country Notes
Acceleron Fusion
(formerly NK Labs, LLC)
2008–2022
(NK Labs)
2023–
present
(Acceleron)
Muon-catalyzed Deuterium - tritium United States [3][4][5]
Avalanche Energy 2018–
present
Magnetoelectrostatic confinement: cusp, colliding beam Deuterium - tritium United States [6][7]
Blue Laser Fusion 2022–
present
Inertial confinement: optical enhancement cavity (OEC) laser Proton - boron United States [8][9]
Commonwealth Fusion Systems
(formerly Compact Fusion Systems)
2018–
present
Magnetic confinement: tokamak Deuterium - tritium United States [10][11] Spin-off: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cortex Fusion Systems 2021–
present
Inertial confinement: non-thermal, laser Deuterium - tritium United States [12]
Crossfield Fusion Ltd 2019–
present
Closed orbit, velocity resonant systems United Kingdom [13] Reactor development ended 2021[14][15]
CTFusion, Inc 2015–2023 Magnetic confinement: dynomak Deuterium - tritium United States Spin-off: University of Washington[16][17][18]
Deutelio 2022–
present
Magnetic confinement: levitated dipole Deuterium - deuterium  Switzerland [19][15]
Electric Fusion Systems, Inc. 2020–
present
Non-thermal: light element electric fusion (LEEF) Proton - Lithium-7 United States Rydberg matter method[20][21]
EMC2 (Energy Matter Conversion Corporation) 1985–
present
Magneto-electrostatic confinement: polywell Deuterium - tritium United States [22][23][24]
Energy Singularity Energy Technology 2021–
present
Magnetic confinement: tokamak Deuterium - tritium China [25][26]
ENN Energy 2017–
present
Magnetic confinement: spheromak Proton - boron China [27][28][11]
EX-Fusion 2021–
present
Inertial confinement: laser Deuterium - tritium Japan [29][30]
First Light Fusion 2011–
present
Inertial confinement: impact Deuterium - tritium United Kingdom [31][32][33][15][34][11] Spin-off: University of Oxford[35]
Focused Energy 2021–
present
Inertial confinement: laser Deuterium - tritium Germany [36][37][15][34][38][35]
Fuse Energy Technologies Corporation 2019–
present
Magneto-inertial: magnetized liner Deuterium - tritium United States [39]
Fusion Power Corporation 2016–2019 Inertial confinement: heavy ion Deuterium - tritium United States [40][41]
Gauss Fusion 2022–
present
Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium - tritium Germany [42][15]
General Atomics Fusion Division 2022–
present
Magnetic confinement: tokamak Deuterium - tritium United States [43][44][45]
General Fusion 2002–
present
Magneto-inertial: magnetized target Deuterium - tritium Canada [46][11]
HB11 Energy 2017–
present
Inertial confinement: non-thermal, laser Proton - boron Australia [47][48][49][50][35]
Helical Fusion 2021–
present
Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium - tritium Japan [51][30]
Helicity Space 2018–
present
Magneto-inertial: plasma jet collider-compressor Deuterium - deuterium United States [52][53] For spaceflight
Helion Energy 2013–
present
Magneto-inertial: field-reversed configuration collider-compressor Deuterium - deuterium United States [54][55]
Horne Technologies 2008–
present
Magneto–electrostatic confinement: cusp Deuterium - deuterium, proton - boron United States [56][57]
HyperJet Fusion 2017–
2022
Magneto-inertial: plasmoid imploded by plasma jets United States [58][59][11]
KMS Fusion 1969–1990 Inertial confinement: laser Deuterium - tritium United States [60] Work moved to General Atomics
Kyoto Fusioneering 2019–
present
Magnetic confinement: reactor subsystems Deuterium - tritium Japan [61][30] Spin-off: Kyoto University[62]
LaserFusionX 2022–
present
Inertial confinement: krypton-fluoride laser Deuterium - tritium United States [63][38]
Lockheed Martin 2010–
present
Magnetic confinement: cusp Deuterium - tritium United States [64][11]
Longview Fusion Energy Systems 2021–
present
Inertial confinement: laser Deuterium - tritium United States [65][34][38][35]
LPP Fusion, Inc.
(Lawrenceville Plasma Physics)
2003–
present
Magnetic confinement pinch: dense plasma focus Proton - boron United States [66] President, chief scientist: Eric J. Lerner
Magneto Inertial Fusion Technology Inc. (MIFTI) 2008–
present
Magneto-inertial: z-pinch Deuterium - tritium United States [67][68] Spin-off: University of California, Irvine; Division: US Nuclear Corp[69]
Marvel Fusion [de] 2019–
present
Inertial confinement: laser Proton - boron Germany [70][15][38][35]
Norrønt AS
(formerly Ultrafusion Nuclear Power)
2016–2017
(Ultrafusion)
2018–
present
(Norrønt)
Muon-catalyzed Deuterium - tritium Norway [71] Merged with Norrønt Fusion Energy[72]
nT-Tao 2019–
present
Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium - tritium Israel [73][74]
NearStar Fusion 2021–
present
Magneto-inertial: magnetized target, impact Deuterium - tritium, Deuterium - deuterium, proton - boron United States [75][76][77]
Novatron Fusion Group AB 2019–
present
Magnetic confinement: mirror Deuterium - tritium Sweden [78][79][80][81]
OpenStar Technologies 2021–
present
Magnetic confinement: levitated dipole Deuterium - deuterium (tritium suppressed) New Zealand [82]
Princeton Fusion Systems
(formerly Princeton Satellite Systems)
1992–2017
(Satellite)
2018–
present
(Fusion)
Magnetic confinement: field-reversed configuration Deuterium - deuterium United States [83][84][11]
Proxima Fusion 2023–
present
Magnetic confinement: quasi-isodynamic stellarator Deuterium - tritium Germany [85] Spin-off: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics[15]
Realta Fusion 2022–
present
Magnetic confinement: tandem mirror Deuterium - tritium United States [86] Spin-off: University of Wisconsin–Madison[87][88]
Renaissance Fusion 2021–
present
Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium - tritium France [89][15]
Stellarex, Inc 2022–
present
Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium - tritium United States [90] Spin-off: Princeton University[62]
Shine Technologies 2005–2017
(Phoenix)
2010–
present
(Shine)
Magneto-electrostatic confinement: particle accelerator Deuterium - tritium United States [91] Spin-off: Phoenix Nuclear Labs, 2010; Focus: producing radioisotopes, not energy[92][93]
TAE Technologies
(formerly Tri Alpha Energy)
1998–
present
Magnetic confinement: beam driven field-reversed configuration Proton - boron United States [94][11]
Thea Energy
(formerly Princeton Stellarators)
2022–
present
Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium - tritium United States [95][62]
Tokamak Energy 2009–
present
Magnetic confinement: tokamak Deuterium - tritium United Kingdom [96][62] Spin-off: Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
Type One Energy Group 2019–
present
Magnetic confinement: stellarator Deuterium - tritium United States [97][88]
Xcimer Energy Inc. 2022–
present
Inertial confinement: excimer laser Deuterium - tritium United States [98][34][35]
Zap Energy 2017–
present
Magnetic confinement: z-pinch Deuterium - tritium United States [99] Spin-off: University of Washington[18][55][100]
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References

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