List of nuclear technology treaties
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of treaties that address issues of nuclear technology, including nuclear weapons, their delivery systems, and nuclear energy.[1] The date is given for the signature of each treaty, not its entry into force. This does not include non-treaties such as secret agreements.
Nuclear weapons
Arms limitation
- 1968, multilateral: Outer Space Treaty - banned stationing nuclear weapons in space[1]
- 1971, multilateral: Seabed Arms Control Treaty - banned nuclear weapons on international ocean floor[1][2]
- 1972, US-USSR: Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty - limited parties to two ABM complexes of 100 missiles each[1]
- 1987, US-USSR: Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty - banned ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges 500–5,500 km[1]
- 1990, multilateral: Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany - banned nuclear weapons stationing in the new states of Germany[3]
- 1991, US-USSR: START I - limited party deployed warheads to 6,000 and ICBM plus bomber total to 1,600[1]
- 1992, US-Russia-Belarus-Kazakhstan-Ukraine: Lisbon Protocol - bound all states to START I and committed Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine to join the Non-Proliferation Treaty[1]
- 1993, US-Russia: START II - banned MIRVs[1]
- proposed, US-Russia: START III - would have limited party deployed warheads to 2,500, 2,000, or 1,500
- 2002, US-Russia: Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty - limited party deployed warheads to 2,200[1]
- 2010, US-Russia: New START - limited party deployed strategic warheads to 1,550[1]
- 2017, multilateral: Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons - banned all nuclear weapons for parties[1]
Testing
- 1963, multilateral: Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty - banned non-underground nuclear tests[1]
- 1974, US-USSR: Threshold Test Ban Treaty - banned nuclear weapons tests over 150 kt[1]
- 1976, US-USSR: Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty - banned peaceful nuclear explosions over 150 kt[4]
- 1996, multilateral: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty - banned all types of nuclear tests[1]
Nuclear weapon-free zones
- 1959, multilateral: Antarctic Treaty System[1][2]
- 1967, multilateral: Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco)[2]
- 1985, multilateral: South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga)[1][2]
- 1995, multilateral: Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Bangkok Treaty)[2]
- 1996, multilateral: African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba)[1][2]
- 1998, multilateral: Mongolian Nuclear-Weapons-Free Status[2]
- 2006, multilateral: Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone (Treaty of Semipalatinsk)[2]
Nuclear energy
- 1968, multilateral: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons - banned pursuit of nuclear weapons by parties[1]
- 1994, US-DPRK: Agreed Framework - froze North Korea's nuclear program and began KEDO civil nuclear cooperation[5]
- 2005, US-India: India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement - established IAEA safeguards on civil nuclear facilities in India and began US civil nuclear cooperation[6]
- 2009, France-Pakistan: France–Pakistan Atomic Energy Framework - established IAEA safeguards on civil nuclear facilities in Pakistan[7]
- 2009, US-UAE: U.S.–UAE 123 Agreement for Peaceful Civilian Nuclear Energy Cooperation[8]
- 2015, multilateral: Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action - limited Iran's civil nuclear program in return for nuclear-related sanction relief[9]
Other
- 1992, multilateral: Treaty on Open Skies - allowed for aerial surveillance flights[10]
Proposed
- 1979, multilateral: Treaty on the Prohibition of the Development, Manufacture, Stockpiling and Use of Radiological Weapons - would ban radiological weapons, drafted by Conference on Disarmament.[11][12]
- 1994, P5 states: Draft Treaty on No-First Use of Nuclear Weapons - would commit the five NPT-recognized nuclear-weapon states to not use any form of nuclear weapon first strike, submitted by China.[13]