List of phyllostomids
Species in mammal family Phyllostomidae
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Phyllostomidae is one of the twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and is part of the microbat suborder. Members of this family are called phyllostomids or leaf-nosed bats. They are found in South America, Central America, and southern North America, primarily in forests and caves, though some species can also be found in grasslands, savannas, or wetlands. They range in size from the little white-shouldered bat, at 3 cm (1 in) and no tail, to the greater spear-nosed bat, at 13 cm (5 in) plus a 4 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, phyllostomids are capable of true and sustained flight, and have forearm lengths ranging from multiple species with 3 cm (1 in), to the greater spear-nosed bat at 10 cm (4 in). They primarily eat insects, fruit, nectar, and pollen, though the greater spear-nosed bat, big-eared woolly bat, and spectral bat will also eat birds, bats, and small mammals, and the three vampire bat species of the subfamily Desmodontinae solely consume blood.[1] Almost no phyllostomids have population estimates, though the greater long-nosed bat, Bokermann's nectar bat, Dekeyser's nectar bat, Fernandez's sword-nosed bat, Guadeloupe big-eyed bat, and Lesser yellow-shouldered bat are categorized as endangered species, and the Jamaican flower bat is categorized as critically endangered with a population as low as around 250 mature individuals.
The 202 extant species of Phyllostomidae are divided into 11 subfamilies: Carolliinae, with 8 species in a single genus; Desmodontinae, with 3 species in 3 genera; Glossophaginae, with 37 species in 16 genera; Glyphonycterinae, with 5 species in 3 genera; Lonchophyllinae, with 16 species in 2 genera; Lonchorhininae, with a single genus of 5 species; Macrotinae, with a single genus of 2 species; Micronycterinae, with 12 species in 2 genera; Phyllostominae, with 22 species in 10 genera; Rhinophyllinae, with a single genus of 3 species; and Stenodermatinae, with 89 species in 20 genera. Several extinct prehistoric phyllostomid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[2]
Conventions
| Conservation status | |
|---|---|
| EX | Extinct (0 species) |
| EW | Extinct in the wild (0 species) |
| CR | Critically endangered (1 species) |
| EN | Endangered (6 species) |
| VU | Vulnerable (6 species) |
| NT | Near threatened (14 species) |
| LC | Least concern (140 species) |
| Other categories | |
| DD | Data deficient (35 species) |
| NE | Not evaluated (0 species) |
The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the phyllostomid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.
Classification
Phyllostomidae is a family that consists of 202 extant species in 60 genera divided into eleven subfamilies: Carolliinae, Desmodontinae, Glossophaginae, Glyphonycterinae, Lonchophyllinae, Lonchorhininae, Macrotinae, Micronycterinae, Phyllostominae, Rhinophyllinae, and Stenodermatinae.
Family Phyllostomidae
- Subfamily Carolliinae
- Genus Carollia (short-tailed bats): eight species
- Subfamily Desmodontinae
- Subfamily Glossophaginae
- Genus Anoura (tailless bats): nine species
- Genus Brachyphylla (fruit-eating bats): two species
- Genus Choeroniscus (long-tailed bats): three species
- Genus Choeronycteris (Mexican long-tongued bat): one species
- Genus Dryadonycteris (Capixaba nectar-feeding bat): one species
- Genus Erophylla (flower bats): two species
- Genus Glossophaga (long-tongued bats): five species
- Genus Hylonycteris (Underwood's long-tongued bat): one species
- Genus Leptonycteris (long-nosed bats): three species
- Genus Lichonycteris (little long-tongued bats): two species
- Genus Monophyllus (single leaf bats): two species
- Genus Musonycteris (banana bat): one species
- Genus Phyllonycteris (flower bats): two species
- Genus Platalina (long-snouted bat): one species
- Genus Scleronycteris (Ega long-tongued bat): one species
- Genus Xeronycteris (Vieira's long-tongued bat): one species
- Subfamily Glyphonycterinae
- Genus Glyphonycteris (big-eared bats): three species
- Genus Neonycteris (least big-eared bat): one species
- Genus Trinycteris (Niceforo's big-eared bat): one species
- Subfamily Lonchophyllinae
- Genus Lionycteris (chestnut long-tongued bat): one species
- Genus Lonchophylla (nectar bats): fifteen species
- Subfamily Lonchorhininae
- Genus Lonchorhina (sword-nosed bats): five species
- Subfamily Macrotinae
- Genus Macrotus (leaf-nosed bats): two species
- Subfamily Micronycterinae
- Genus Lampronycteris (yellow-throated big-eared bat): one species
- Genus Micronycteris (big-eared bats): eleven species
- Subfamily Phyllostominae
- Genus Chrotopterus (big-eared woolly bat): one species
- Genus Gardnerycteris (hairy-nosed bats): two species
- Genus Lophostoma (round-eared bats): seven species
- Genus Macrophyllum (long-legged bat): one species
- Genus Mimon (golden bats): two species
- Genus Phylloderma (pale-faced bat): one species
- Genus Phyllostomus (spear-nosed bats): four species
- Genus Tonatia (round-eared bats): two species
- Genus Trachops (fringe-lipped bat): one species
- Genus Vampyrum (spectral bat): one species
- Subfamily Rhinophyllinae
- Genus Rhinophylla (little fruit bats): three species
- Subfamily Stenodermatinae
- Genus Ametrida (little white-shouldered bat): one species
- Genus Ardops (tree bat): one species
- Genus Ariteus (Jamaican fig-eating bat): one species
- Genus Artibeus (neotropical fruit bats): twelve species
- Genus Centurio (wrinkle-faced bat): one species
- Genus Chiroderma (big-eyed bats): five species
- Genus Dermanura (fruit-eating bats): eleven species
- Genus Ectophylla (Honduran white bat): one species
- Genus Enchisthenes (velvety fruit-eating bat): one species
- Genus Mesophylla (MacConnell's bat): one species
- Genus Phyllops (Cuban fig-eating bat): one species
- Genus Platyrrhinus (broad-nosed bats): eighteen species
- Genus Pygoderma (Ipanema bat): one species
- Genus Sphaeronycteris (visored bat): one species
- Genus Stenoderma (red fruit bat): one species
- Genus Sturnira (yellow-shouldered bats): twenty-two species
- Genus Uroderma (tent-making bats): two species
- Genus Vampyressa (little yellow-eared bats): three species
- Genus Vampyriscus (yellow-eared bats): three species
- Genus Vampyrodes (stripe-faced bats): two species
Phyllostomids
The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[4]
Subfamily Carolliinae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benkeith's short-tailed bat
|
C. benkeithi Solari & Baker, 2006 |
Central South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest[6] |
LC
|
| Chestnut short-tailed bat
|
C. castanea H. Allen, 1821 |
Central America and northern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest[7] |
LC
|
| Gray short-tailed bat | C. subrufa (Hahn, 1905) |
Central America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[8] |
LC
|
| Manu short-tailed bat | C. manu Pacheco, Solari, & Velazco, 2004 |
Western South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest[9] |
LC
|
| Mono's short-tailed bat | C. monohernandezi Muñoz, Cuartas, & González, 2004 |
Northern South America |
Size: About 5 cm (2 in) long, plus about 1 cm (0.4 in) tail about 4 cm (2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest[10] |
DD
|
| Seba's short-tailed bat
|
C. perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest and caves[12] |
LC
|
| Silky short-tailed bat
|
C. brevicauda Wied-Neuwied, 1821 |
Central America and northern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest and savanna[13] |
LC
|
| Sowell's short-tailed bat
|
C. sowelli Baker, Solari, & Hoffmann, 2002 |
Mexico and Central America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Unknown[14] |
LC
|
Subfamily Desmodontinae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common vampire bat | D. rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810) |
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Rocky areas and caves[16] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White-winged vampire bat | D. youngi Jentink, 1893 |
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest and caves[17] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hairy-legged vampire bat
|
D. ecaudata Spix, 1823 |
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest, grassland, and caves[18] |
LC
|
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Subfamily Glossophaginae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Broad-toothed tailless bat | A. latidens Handley, 1984 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[20] |
LC
|
| Cadena's tailless bat | A. cadenai Mantilla-Meluk & Baker, 2006 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[21] |
DD
|
| Equatorial tailless bat | A. aequatoris (Lönnberg, 1921) |
Western South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0–1 cm (0.0–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[22] |
LC
|
| Geoffroy's tailless bat
|
A. geoffroyi Gray, 1838 Two subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[23] |
LC
|
| Handley's tailless bat | A. cultrata Handley, 1960 |
Central America, and northern and western South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0–0.5 cm (0.0–0.2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[24] |
LC
|
| Luis Manuel's tailless bat | A. luismanueli Molinari, 1994 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0–0.5 cm (0.0–0.2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[25] |
LC
|
| Tailed tailless bat
|
A. caudifer (Geoffroy, 1818) |
South America |
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus about 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[26] |
LC
|
| Tschudi's tailless bat
|
A. peruana Tschudi, 1844 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 5–9 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves[27] |
LC
|
| Tube-lipped nectar bat | A. fistulata Muchhala, Mena, & Viteri, 2005 |
Western South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0–1 cm (0.0–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[28] |
DD
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antillean fruit-eating bat
|
B. cavernarum Gray, 1834 Three subspecies
|
Caribbean |
Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 6–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest and caves[30] |
LC
|
| Cuban fruit-eating bat | B. nana Miller, 1902 |
Caribbean |
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Caves[31] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Godman's long-tailed bat | C. godmani Thomas, 1903 |
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[32] |
LC
|
| Greater long-tailed bat | C. periosus Handley, 1966 Two subspecies
|
Northwestern South America |
Size: About 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail unknown forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[33] |
VU
|
| Lesser long-tongued bat | C. minor Peters, 1868 |
Northern South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0–2 cm (0.0–0.8 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[34] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mexican long-tongued bat
|
C. mexicana Tschudi, 1844 |
Mexico, Central America, and southern United States |
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest, caves, and desert[35] |
NT
|
_2.jpg)
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capixaba nectar-feeding bat | D. capixaba Nogueira, Lima, Peracchi, & Simmons, 2012 |
Eastern Brazil |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0–1 cm (0.0–0.4 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[36] |
DD
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown flower bat | E. bombifrons Miller, 1899 Two subspecies
|
Puerto Rico and island of Hispaniola |
Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Caves[37] |
LC
|
| Buffy flower bat
|
E. sezekorni (Miller, 1906) Four subspecies
|
Caribbean |
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Caves[38] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commissaris's long-tongued bat
|
G. commissarisi Gardner, 1962 Three subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest[39] |
LC
|
| Gray long-tongued bat
|
G. leachii Gray, 1844 |
Mexico and Central America |
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest and caves[40] |
LC
|
| Miller's long-tongued bat
|
G. longirostris Miller, 1898 Seven subspecies
|
Northern South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves[41] |
LC
|
| Pallas's long-tongued bat
|
G. soricina Pallas, 1766 Five subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[42] |
LC
|
| Western long-tongued bat
|
G. morenoi Martínez & Villa, 1938 Three subspecies
|
Southern Mexico |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest and caves[43] |
LC
|
.jpg)
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underwood's long-tongued bat
|
H. underwoodi Thomas, 1903 Two subspecies
|
Southern Mexico and Central America |
Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 0–1 cm (0.0–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[44] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greater long-nosed bat
|
L. nivalis (Saussure, 1860) |
Mexico |
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest, caves, and desert[45] |
EN
|
| Lesser long-nosed bat
|
L. yerbabuenae Martínez & Villa, 1940 |
Mexico and Central America |
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest and caves[46] |
NT
|
| Southern long-nosed bat
|
L. curasoae Miller, 1900 |
Northern South America |
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest and caves[47] |
VU
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dark long-tongued bat
|
L. obscura Thomas, 1895 |
Mexico, Central America, and northern and eastern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[48] |
LC
|
| Pale brown long-nosed bat | L. degener Miller, 1931 |
South America | Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[49] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insular single leaf bat | M. plethodon Miller, 1900 Three subspecies
|
The Lesser Antilles |
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Caves[50] |
LC
|
| Leach's single leaf bat
|
M. redmani Leach, 1821 Three subspecies
|
Caribbean | Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Caves[51] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banana bat | M. harrisoni Schaldach & McLaughlin, 1960 |
Southern Mexico |
Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[52] |
VU
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cuban flower bat | P. poeyi Gundlach, 1860 Two subspecies
|
Caribbean |
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest[53] |
LC
|
| Jamaican flower bat
|
P. aphylla (Miller, 1898) |
Jamaica |
Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Caves[54] |
CR
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-snouted bat
|
P. genovensium Thomas, 1928 |
Western South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Savanna and caves[55] |
NT
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ega long-tongued bat | S. ega Thomas, 1912 |
Northern South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[56] |
DD
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vieira's long-tongued bat | X. vieirai Gregorin & Ditchfield, 2005 |
Eastern South America |
Size: Unknown length, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest and savanna[57] |
DD
|
Subfamily Glyphonycterinae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behn's bat | G. behnii (Peters, 1865) |
Central South America |
Size: Unknown length, plus about 1 cm (0 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest and savanna[58] |
DD
|
| Davies's big-eared bat
|
G. daviesi (Hill, 1964) |
Central America and northern and eastern South America |
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[59] |
LC
|
| Tricolored big-eared bat
|
G. sylvestris Thomas, 1896 |
Central America and northern and southeastern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest and caves[60] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Least big-eared bat | N. pusilla Sanborn, 1949 |
Northern South America | Size: Unknown length About 3 cm (1 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[61] |
DD
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Niceforo's big-eared bat
|
T. nicefori Sanborn, 1949 |
Central America and northern and eastern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[62] |
LC
|
Subfamily Lonchophyllinae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chestnut long-tongued bat
|
L. spurrelli Thomas, 1913 |
Central America and northern South America |
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[63] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bokermann's nectar bat | L. bokermanni Sazima, Vizotto, & Taddei, 1978 |
Southeastern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest and savanna[64] |
EN
|
| Cadena's long-tongued bat | L. cadenai Woodman & Timm, 2006 |
Northwestern South America | Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[65] |
DD
|
| Central American nectar bat
|
L. concava Goldman, 1914 |
Central America and northwestern South America | Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest[66] |
LC
|
| Chocoan long-tongued bat | L. chocoana Dávalos, 2004 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest[67] |
DD
|
| Dekeyser's nectar bat
|
L. dekeyseri Taddei, Vizotto, & Sazima, 1983 |
Eastern South America |
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Savanna and caves[68] |
EN
|
| Eastern Cordilleran nectar bat | L. orienticollina Dávalos & Corthals, 2008 |
Northwestern South America | Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest[69] |
DD
|
| Goldman's nectar bat
|
L. mordax Thomas, 1903 |
Central America and northwestern and eastern South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Caves and forest[70] |
NT
|
| Handley's nectar bat | L. handleyi Hill, 1980 |
Western South America |
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[71] |
LC
|
| Orange nectar bat
|
L. robusta Miller, 1912 |
Central America and northwestern South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[72] |
LC
|
| Orcés's long-tongued bat | L. orcesi Viteri & Gardner, 2005 |
Ecuador |
Size: About 6 cm (2 in) long, plus about 1 cm (0.4 in) tail about 5 cm (2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest[73] |
DD
|
| Pacific Forest long-tongued bat | L. fornicata Woodman, 2007 |
Northwestern South America | Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest[74] |
DD
|
| Patton's long-tongued bat | L. pattoni Woodman & Timm, 2006 |
Northwestern South America | Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[19] Habitat: Forest[75] |
DD
|
| Peracchi's nectar bat | L. peracchii Días, Esbérard & Moratelli, 2013 |
Eastern South America |
Size: Unknown length 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest[76] |
LC
|
| Thomas's nectar bat | L. thomasi Allen, 1904 |
Central America and northern South America | Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0–2 cm (0.0–0.8 in) tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[77] |
LC
|
| Western nectar bat | L. hesperia Allen, 1908 |
Western South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[5] Habitat: Unknown[78] |
NT
|
Subfamily Lonchorhininae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fernandez's sword-nosed bat | L. fernandezi Ochoa & Ibáñez, 1982 |
Venezuela |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Savanna and caves[79] |
EN
|
| Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat | L. marinkellei Camacho & Cadena, 1978 |
Colombia |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Grassland and caves[81] |
VU
|
| Northern sword-nosed bat | L. inusitata Handley & Ochoa, 1997 |
Northern South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest and caves[82] |
DD
|
| Orinoco sword-nosed bat | L. orinocensis Linares & Ojasti, 1971 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest, savanna, rocky areas, and caves[83] |
VU
|
| Tomes's sword-nosed bat
|
L. aurita Tomes, 1863 Two subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest and caves[84] |
LC
|
_Figure_4.jpg)
Subfamily Macrotinae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California leaf-nosed bat
|
M. californicus Baird, 1858 |
Western United States and Mexico |
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves[85] |
LC
|
| Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat
|
M. waterhousii Gray, 1843 Six subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and Caribbean |
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest and caves[86] |
LC
|
Subfamily Micronycterinae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yellow-throated big-eared bat
|
L. brachyotis (Dobson, 1878) |
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest and caves[87] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brosset's big-eared bat | M. brosseti Simmons & Voss, 1998 |
Northern and southeastern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest[88] |
DD
|
| Common big-eared bat
|
M. microtis Miller, 1898 Two subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest and caves[89] |
LC
|
| Giovanni's big-eared bat | M. giovanniae Baker & Fonseca, 2007 |
Ecuador | Size: About 6 cm (2 in) long, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail About 4 cm (2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest[90] |
DD
|
| Hairy big-eared bat
|
M. hirsuta Peters, 1869 |
Central America and South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest[91] |
LC
|
| Little big-eared bat
|
M. megalotis Gray, 1842 |
South America |
Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest and caves[92] |
LC
|
| Matses's big-eared bat | M. matses Simmons, Voss, & Fleck, 2002 |
Peru | Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Unknown[93] |
DD
|
| Saint Vincent big-eared bat | M. buriri Larsen, Siles, Pedersen, & Kwiecinski, 2011 |
Island of Saint Vincent | Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest[94] |
DD
|
| Sanborn's big-eared bat | M. sanborni Simmons, 1996 |
South America |
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest and savanna[95] |
LC
|
| Schmidts's big-eared bat
|
M. schmidtorum Sanborn, 1935 |
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest[96] |
LC
|
| White-bellied big-eared bat | M. minuta Gervais, 1855 |
Central America and South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest and caves[97] |
LC
|
| Yates's big-eared bat | M. yatesi Siles, Brooks, Aranibar, Tarifa, Vargas, Rojas, & Baker, 2013 |
Central South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[15] Habitat: Forest and savanna[98] |
DD
|
_by_Merlin_Tuttle.jpg)
Subfamily Phyllostominae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Big-eared woolly bat
|
C. auritus Peters, 1856 |
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 7–9 cm (3–4 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest and caves[99] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat | G. koepckeae Gardner & Patton, 1972 |
Peru |
Size: About 6 cm (2 in) long, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest[100] |
DD
|
| Striped hairy-nosed bat
|
G. crenulatum Geoffroy, 1810 |
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest and savanna[101] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carriker's round-eared bat | L. carrikeri Allen, 1910 |
Northern South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest and savanna[102] |
LC
|
| Davis's round-eared bat
|
L. evotis Davis & Carter, 1978 |
Southern Mexico and Central America |
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest[103] |
LC
|
| Kalko's round-eared bat | L. kalkoae Velazco & Gardner, 2012 |
Panama.png) |
Size: Unknown, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest[104] |
DD
|
| Pygmy round-eared bat
|
L. brasiliense Peters, 1866 |
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest and savanna[105] |
LC
|
| Schultz's round-eared bat
|
L. schulzi (Genoways & Williams, 1980) |
Northern South America |
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest[106] |
LC
|
| Western round-eared bat | L. occidentale Davis & Carter, 1978 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0–1 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest[107] |
NT
|
| White-throated round-eared bat
|
L. silvicolum d'Orbigny, 1863 Three subspecies
|
Central America and South America |
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0–1 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest[108] |
LC
|
.jpg)
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-legged bat
|
M. macrophyllum (Schinz, 1821) |
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest[109] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cozumelan golden bat
|
M. cozumelae Goldman, 1914 |
Mexico, Central America, and northwestern South America |
Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest and caves[110] |
LC
|
| Golden bat
|
M. bennettii Gray, 1838 |
Northern and southeastern South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0–1 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Caves, savanna, and forest[111] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pale-faced bat | P. stenops Peters, 1865 Three subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0–1 in) tail 6–9 cm (2–4 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and inland wetlands[112] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greater spear-nosed bat
|
P. hastatus (Pallas, 1767) Two subspecies
|
Central America and South America |
Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0–2 in) tail 7–10 cm (3–4 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest and savanna[113] |
LC
|
| Guianan spear-nosed bat | P. latifolius Thomas, 1901 |
Northern South America |
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Caves[114] |
LC
|
| Lesser spear-nosed bat
|
P. elongatus Geoffroy, 1810 |
South America |
Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0–1 in) tail 5–8 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest and caves[115] |
LC
|
| Pale spear-nosed bat
|
P. discolor Wagner, 1843 Two subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail 6–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest, caves, and savanna[116] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greater round-eared bat | T. bidens Spix, 1823 |
Eastern South America |
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest[117] |
DD
|
| Stripe-headed round-eared bat
|
T. saurophila Koopman & Williams, 1951 Three subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest[118] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fringe-lipped bat
|
T. cirrhosus (Spix, 1823) Three subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[80] Habitat: Forest and caves[119] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spectral bat
|
V. spectrum (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Mexico, Central America, and South America.png) |
Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, with no tail 9–11 cm (4 in) forearm length[29] Habitat: Forest[120] |
NT
|
Subfamily Rhinophyllinae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dwarf little fruit bat
|
R. pumilio Peters, 1865 |
Northern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[121] |
LC
|
| Fischer's little fruit bat | R. fischerae Carter, 1966 |
Northern South America |
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[122] |
LC
|
| Hairy little fruit bat | R. alethina Handley, 1966 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[123] |
NT
|
Subfamily Stenodermatinae
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Little white-shouldered bat
|
A. centurio Gray, 1847 |
Central America and northern South America |
Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in) long, with no tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[125] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tree bat
|
A. nichollsi (Thomas, 1891) Five subspecies
|
Caribbean |
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[126] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jamaican fig-eating bat
|
A. flavescens Gray, 1831 |
Jamaica.png) |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[127] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown fruit-eating bat
|
A. concolor Peters, 1865 |
Northern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[129] |
LC
|
| Dark fruit-eating bat
|
A. obscurus Schinz, 1821 |
South America |
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest and savanna[130] |
LC
|
| Ecuadorian fruit-eating bat | A. aequatorialis K. Andersen, 1906 |
Northwestern South America | Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 6–8 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[131] |
LC
|
| Flat-faced fruit-eating bat
|
A. planirostris (Spix, 1823) |
South America |
Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail 6–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[132] |
LC
|
| Fraternal fruit-eating bat
|
A. fraterculus Anthony, 1924 |
Western South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[133] |
LC
|
| Fringed fruit-eating bat
|
A. fimbriatus Gray, 1838 |
Eastern South America |
Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 6–8 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[134] |
LC
|
| Great fruit-eating bat
|
A. lituratus Olfers, 1818 Three subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[135] |
LC
|
| Hairy fruit-eating bat
|
A. hirsutus K. Andersen, 1906 |
Mexico |
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest and caves[136] |
LC
|
| Honduran fruit-eating bat
|
A. inopinatus Davis & Carter, 1964 |
Central America |
Size: Unknown length, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest and savanna[137] |
DD
|
| Jamaican fruit bat
|
A. jamaicensis Leach, 1821 Ten subspecies
|
Mexico, Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[138] |
LC
|
| Large fruit-eating bat | A. amplus Handley, 1987 |
Northern South America |
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 6–8 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[139] |
LC
|
| Schwartz's fruit-eating bat | A. schwartzi Jones, 1978 |
Caribbean and northern South America | Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 6–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[140] |
DD
|
_Figures_18–29.jpg)
_Figure_4.jpg)
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wrinkle-faced bat
|
C. senex Gray, 1842 Two subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[141] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazilian big-eyed bat
|
C. doriae Thomas, 1891 |
Eastern South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[143] |
LC
|
| Guadeloupe big-eyed bat
|
C. improvisum Baker & Genoways, 1976 |
Caribbean | Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[144] |
EN
|
| Hairy big-eyed bat
|
C. villosum Peters, 1860 Two subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[145] |
LC
|
| Little big-eyed bat
|
C. trinitatum Goodwin, 1958 |
Central America and northern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest and caves[146] |
LC
|
| Salvin's big-eyed bat
|
C. salvini Dobson, 1878 Two subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest and savanna[147] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andersen's fruit-eating bat | D. anderseni Osgood, 1916 |
Northern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[148] |
LC
|
| Aztec fruit-eating bat | D. aztecus K. Andersen, 1906 Three subspecies
|
Mexico and Central America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[149] |
LC
|
| Bogota fruit-eating bat | D. bogotensis K. Andersen, 1906 |
Northern South America | Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[150] |
LC
|
| Gervais's fruit-eating bat
|
D. cinereus Gervais, 1856 |
Eastern and western South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest and savanna[151] |
LC
|
| Gnome fruit-eating bat
|
D. gnomus Handley, 1987 |
Northern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[152] |
LC
|
| Little fruit-eating bat | D. rava Miller, 1902 |
Central America and northwestern South America | Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[153] |
LC
|
| Pygmy fruit-eating bat
|
D. phaeotis Miller, 1902 Three subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[154] |
LC
|
| Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat | D. rosenbergi Thomas, 1897 |
Northwestern South America | Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[155] |
DD
|
| Silver fruit-eating bat
|
D. glaucus Thomas, 1893 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[156] |
LC
|
| Thomas's fruit-eating bat
|
D. watsoni (Thomas, 1901) |
Mexico, Central America, and northwestern South America | Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[157] |
LC
|
| Toltec fruit-eating bat
|
D. toltecus Saussure, 1860 Two subspecies
|
Mexico and Central America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest and caves[158] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Honduran white bat
|
E. alba H. Allen, 1892 |
Central America |
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, with no tail 2–3 cm (1 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[159] |
NT
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Velvety fruit-eating bat
|
E. hartii (Thomas, 1892) |
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[160] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MacConnell's bat
|
M. macconnelli Thomas, 1901 Two subspecies
|
Central America and northern South America |
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[162] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cuban fig-eating bat
|
P. falcatus (Gray, 1839) Two subspecies
|
Caribbean |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[163] |
LC
|
_Figure_1.jpg)
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alberico's broad-nosed bat | P. albericoi Velazco, 2005 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, with no tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[164] |
LC
|
| Brown-bellied broad-nosed bat | P. fusciventris Velazco, Gardner, & Patterson, 2010 |
Northern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[165] |
LC
|
| Buffy broad-nosed bat | P. infuscus Peters, 1880 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest and caves[166] |
LC
|
| Darien broad-nosed bat | P. aquilus (Handley & Ferris, 1972) |
Central America and northwestern South America | Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[167] |
DD
|
| Eldorado broad-nosed bat | P. aurarius Handley & Ferris, 1972 |
Northern South America | Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[168] |
LC
|
| Greater broad-nosed bat
|
P. vittatus Peters, 1860 |
Central America and northwestern South America |
Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, with no tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[169] |
LC
|
| Heller's broad-nosed bat
|
P. helleri Peters, 1866 |
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[170] |
LC
|
| Incan broad-nosed bat | P. incarum Thomas, 1912 |
Northern South America | Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[171] |
LC
|
| Ismael's broad-nosed bat | P. ismaeli Velazco, 2005 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest and caves[172] |
NT
|
| Matapalo broad-nosed bat | P. matapalensis Velazco, 2005 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[173] |
NT
|
| Quechua broad-nosed bat | P. masu Velazco, 2005 |
Western South America | Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[174] |
LC
|
| Recife broad-nosed bat
|
P. recifinus Thomas, 1901 |
Eastern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[175] |
LC
|
| Shadowy broad-nosed bat | P. umbratus (Lyon, 1902) Three subspecies
|
Northwestern South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Unknown[176] |
DD
|
| Short-headed broad-nosed bat
|
P. brachycephalus Rouk & Carter, 1972 |
Northern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest and caves[177] |
LC
|
| Slender broad-nosed bat | P. angustirostris Velazco, Gardner, & Patterson, 2010 |
Northwestern South America | Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[178] |
LC
|
| Thomas's broad-nosed bat | P. dorsalis (Thomas, 1900) |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[179] |
LC
|
| Western broad-nosed bat | P. nitelinea Velazco & Gardner, 2009 |
Colombia and Ecuador | Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[128] Habitat: Forest[180] |
DD
|
| White-lined broad-nosed bat
|
P. lineatus Geoffroy, 1810 Two subspecies
|
Northern and eastern South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[181] |
LC
|
.jpg)
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ipanema bat
|
P. bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843) Two subspecies
|
Central and eastern South America |
Size: Unknown length 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[182] |
LC
|
_Figures_18–29.jpg)
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visored bat
|
S. toxophyllum Peters, 1882 |
Northern South America |
Size: 5–9 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[183] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red fruit bat | S. rufum Desmarest, 1820 Two subspecies
|
Caribbean |
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[124] Habitat: Forest[184] |
NT
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat | S. aratathomasi Peterson & Tamsitt, 1968 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[185] |
LC
|
| Baker's yellow-shouldered bat
|
S. bakeri Velazco & Patterson, 2014 |
Northwestern South America | Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[186] |
LC
|
| Bidentate yellow-shouldered bat | S. bidens (Thomas, 1915) |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[187] |
LC
|
| Bogotá yellow-shouldered bat | S. bogotensis Shamel, 1927 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[188] |
LC
|
| Burton's yellow-shouldered bat | S. burtonlimi Velazco & Patterson, 2014 |
Central America | Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail about 4 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[189] |
DD
|
| Choco yellow-shouldered bat | S. koopmanhilli McCarty, Viteri, & Alberico, 2006 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[190] |
DD
|
| Greater yellow-shouldered bat | S. magna De la Torre, 1966 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[191] |
LC
|
| Guadeloupe yellow-shouldered bat | S. angeli De la Torre, 1966 |
Caribbean | Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[192] |
NT
|
| Hairy yellow-shouldered bat | S. erythromos (Tschudi, 1844) |
Western South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[193] |
LC
|
| Highland yellow-shouldered bat | S. ludovici Anthony, 1924 Two subspecies
|
Northwestern South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[194] |
LC
|
| Honduran yellow-shouldered bat
|
S. hondurensis Goodwin, 1940 |
Mexico and Central America | Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[195] |
LC
|
| Lesser yellow-shouldered bat | S. nana Gardner & O'Neill, 1971 |
Peru and Ecuador | Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[196] |
LC
|
| Little yellow-shouldered bat
|
S. lilium Geoffroy, 1810 Five subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[197] |
LC
|
| Louis's yellow-shouldered bat | S. luisi Davis, 1980 |
Central America and northwestern South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[198] |
LC
|
| Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat | S. mistratensis Vega & Cadena, 2000 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: About 7 cm (3 in) long, with no tail about 4 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[199] |
DD
|
| Northern yellow-shouldered bat
|
S. parvidens Goldman, 1917 |
Mexico and Central America | Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[200] |
LC
|
| Paulson's yellow-shouldered bat | S. paulsoni de la Torre & Schwartz, 1966 |
Caribbean | Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[201] |
NT
|
| Perla yellow-shouldered bat | S. perla Jarrín-Valladares & Kunz, 2011 |
Ecuador | Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[202] |
DD
|
| Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat | S. sorianoi Sánchez-Hernández, Romero-Almaraz, & Schnell, 2005 |
Northern and central South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Unknown[203] |
DD
|
| Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat | S. mordax Goodwin, 1938 |
Central America |
Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[204] |
LC
|
| Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat | S. tildae De la Torre, 1959 |
South America |
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[205] |
LC
|
| Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat | S. oporaphilum (Tschudi, 1844) |
Western South America |
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[11] Habitat: Forest[206] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown tent-making bat
|
U. magnirostrum Davis, 1968 |
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[207] |
LC
|
| Tent-making bat
|
U. bilobatum Peters, 1866 Three subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest and savanna[208] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melissa's yellow-eared bat | V. melissa Thomas, 1926 |
Northwestern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[209] |
VU
|
| Northern little yellow-eared bat | V. thyone Thomas, 1909 |
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[210] |
LC
|
| Southern little yellow-eared bat
|
V. pusilla Thomas, 1900 |
Southeastern South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 2–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Unknown[211] |
DD
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bidentate yellow-eared bat
|
V. bidens Dobson, 1878 |
Northern South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[212] |
LC
|
| Brock's yellow-eared bat | V. brocki Peterson, 1968 |
Northern South America |
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[213] |
LC
|
| Striped yellow-eared bat
|
V. nymphaea Thomas, 1909 |
Central America and northwestern South America |
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[142] Habitat: Forest[214] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great stripe-faced bat
|
V. caraccioli Thomas, 1889 |
Northern South America |
Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[215] |
LC
|
| Greater stripe-faced bat | V. major Allen, 1908 |
Central America and northwestern South America |
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[161] Habitat: Forest[216] |
LC
|
