List of sovereign states by freshwater withdrawal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is the list of countries by freshwater withdrawal for the year 2020, based on the latest data available in January 2024, by World Bank and Food and Agriculture Organization (AQUASTAT data).[3] The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.

Global map of countries by total annual freshwater withdrawals (billion cubic meters) in 2020, according to World Bank[1]
Spatial variability of water yield along the delineated near-offshore region of 200 km across the world[2]

According to World Bank, ″annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes.″[4]

The level of water stress (freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources) is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture; forestry and fishing; manufacturing; electricity industry; and services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity.[4]

According to Food and Agriculture Organization, ″total freshwater withdrawal is the sum of surface water withdrawal and groundwater withdrawal″.[3]

[Total freshwater withdrawal (surface water + groundwater)] = [Total water withdrawal] - [Desalinated water produced] - [Treated wastewater reused] - [Reused agricultural drainage water]

List of countries by freshwater withdrawal

The following table provides information on annual freshwater withdrawal based on data published by World Bank[1][5][6][7][8][9] and Food and Agriculture Organization.[3] Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.

More information Country/Territory/Region/Group, Annual freshwater withdrawals ...
Country/Territory/Region/Group Annual freshwater withdrawalsPer capita withdrawal Withdrawal
intensity
 TotalDomestic IndustryAgriculture
(mil. m3)(%)(%)(%)(%)(m3/inhab/year)(%)
 Afghanistan20282.043.02%
1.00%
0.83%
98.17%
523.34
54.76%
 Angola705.70.48%
45.27%
33.95%
20.78%
21.47
1.87%
 Albania786.02.92%
28.63%
2.04%
69.34%
273.13
4.72%
 United Arab Emirates2381.01587.33%
52.76%
0.74%
46.50%
124.03
1 587.33%
 Argentina37690.012.91%
15.48%
10.59%
73.93%
835.92
10.46%
 Armenia2830.041.26%
23.08%
6.57%
70.34%
954.70
57.09%
 Antigua and Barbuda4.48.46%
62.61%
21.74%
15.65%
117.43
8.46%
 Australia8640.01.76%
16.64%
21.04%
62.32%
539.02
3.47%
 Austria3490.06.35%
20.62%
77.17%
2.21%
387.74
9.64%
 Azerbaijan12590.0155.14%
3.16%
4.51%
92.33%
1240.63
55.60%
 Burundi280.12.78%
15.39%
5.36%
79.26%
23.56
10.19%
 Belgium4199.034.99%
17.33%
81.39%
1.27%
367.86
51.58%
 Benin130.01.26%
61.97%
12.82%
25.21%
19.30
0.98%
 Burkina Faso818.06.54%
45.92%
2.65%
51.43%
39.13
7.82%
 Bangladesh35870.034.16%
10.04%
2.15%
87.82%
217.80
5.72%
 Bulgaria5076.024.17%
16.51%
68.54%
14.95%
730.67
37.52%
 Bahrain155.13877.50%
63.44%
3.25%
33.31%
255.29
133.71%
 Bosnia and Herzegovina301.30.85%
2.00%
 Belarus1328.03.91%
41.31%
31.00%
27.61%
140.64
4.38%
 Belize101.00.66%
11.29%
20.99%
67.72%
254.01
1.26%
 Bolivia2088.00.69%
6.51%
1.53%
91.95%
178.87
1.18%
 Brazil67190.01.19%
24.00%
14.15%
61.64%
316.15
1.48%
 Barbados70.087.50%
24.69%
7.65%
67.65%
281.86
87.50%
 Brunei92.01.08%
164.67%
5.76%
210.30
3.47%
 Bhutan337.90.43%
5.03%
0.89%
94.08%
438.05
1.41%
 Botswana220.49.18%
49.54%
13.50%
36.96%
93.73
2.31%
 Central African Republic72.50.05%
82.90%
16.55%
0.55%
15.01
0.34%
 Canada36253.01.27%
13.43%
75.92%
10.65%
41
3.73%
 Switzerland1704.04.22%
54.59%
36.36%
9.06%
204.26
6.50%
 Chile35368.04.00%
3.99%
5.13%
90.89%
1693.33
8.98%
 China568480.020.21%
20.13%
17.73%
62.14%
395.09
41.52%
 Ivory Coast1162.01.51%
27.54%
20.83%
51.64%
299.37
5.09%
 Cameroon1088.40.40%
22.68%
9.61%
67.71%
130.63
1.56%
 DR Congo683.60.08%
68.01%
21.47%
10.52%
7.63
0.23%
 Congo46.00.02%
69.47%
26.17%
4.36%
16.62
0.03%
 Colombia29115.71.36%
12.79%
1.23%
85.99%
572.21
4.36%
 Comoros10.00.83%
48.00%
5.00%
47.00%
11.50
0.83%
 Cape Verde25.38.43%
5.93%
1.48%
92.59%
959.96
8.43%
 Costa Rica3136.12.78%
26.41%
7.42%
66.17%
615.63
5.35%
 Cuba6958.018.25%
24.43%
10.63%
64.94%
227.77
23.94%
 Cyprus275.035.26%
37.45%
6.18%
62.55%
127.56
37.59%
 Czech Republic1366.010.39%
46.05%
51.10%
2.86%
44.05
20.77%
 Germany24443.022.84%
36.51%
62.08%
1.40%
339.95
33.50%
 Djibouti19.06.33%
84.21%
0.00%
15.79%
19.23
6.33%
 Dominica20.010.00%
95.00%
0.00%
5.00%
277.83
10.00%
 Denmark976.416.27%
40.98%
5.02%
54.01%
168.58
26.40%
 Dominican Republic7137.030.37%
9.42%
7.27%
83.31%
836.83
39.55%
 Algeria9802.087.15%
34.41%
1.83%
63.76%
238.58
137.92%
 Ecuador9915.82.24%
13.04%
5.54%
81.43%
562.15
6.78%
 Egypt77500.07750.00%
13.87%
6.97%
79.16%
757.32
141.17%
 Eritrea582.020.79%
5.33%
0.17%
94.50%
164.11
11.18%
 Spain29020.026.10%
15.71%
18.95%
65.33%
620.69
43.25%
 Estonia853.06.71%
7.38%
92.05%
0.57%
642.99
9.23%
 Ethiopia10548.18.65%
7.68%
0.48%
91.84%
91.75
32.26%
 Finland3000.02.80%
14.29%
57.14%
28.57%
631.69
7.11%
 Fiji84.90.30%
29.80%
11.31%
58.89%
94.71
0.30%
 France26272.113.14%
20.21%
67.68%
12.12%
402.49
23.00%
 Gabon139.10.08%
60.89%
10.14%
28.97%
62.50
0.50%
 United Kingdom8419.05.81%
73.95%
12.00%
14.05%
86.78
14.35%
 Georgia1653.72.84%
36.66%
20.54%
42.80%
414.55
5.39%
 Ghana1448.64.78%
20.46%
6.49%
73.06%
47.13
6.31%
 Guinea890.00.39%
25.84%
6.74%
67.42%
67.77
1.37%
 Gambia101.63.39%
40.55%
20.87%
38.58%
42.04
2.21%
 Guinea-Bissau175.01.09%
17.95%
6.26%
75.79%
96.54
1.50%
 Equatorial Guinea19.80.08%
79.80%
15.15%
5.05%
14.11
0.18%
 Greece10122.017.45%
16.67%
3.24%
80.09%
971.12
20.48%
 Grenada14.17.05%
85.11%
0.00%
14.89%
125.31
7.05%
 Guatemala3324.13.04%
25.12%
18.14%
56.74%
185.54
5.74%
 Guyana1444.70.60%
4.24%
1.41%
94.34%
1836.75
3.30%
 Honduras1607.01.77%
19.60%
7.09%
73.30%
162.25
4.62%
 Croatia665.01.76%
37.10%
56.71%
6.18%
614.39
1.48%
 Haiti1450.011.15%
13.10%
3.52%
83.38%
127.16
13.38%
 Hungary4672.677.88%
14.11%
74.13%
11.76%
482.14
8.07%
 Indonesia222635.011.03%
10.69%
4.10%
85.21%
813.95
29.70%
 India647500.044.78%
7.36%
2.23%
90.41%
551.45
66.49%
 Ireland1540.83.14%
63.96%
33.58%
2.46%
312.04
21.64%
 Iran92950.072.33%
6.65%
1.18%
92.18%
1110.81
81.29%
 Iraq56614.0160.84%
12.19%
9.70%
78.12%
1407.67
79.51%
 Iceland290.00.17%
28.75%
71.15%
0.11%
815.55
0.39%
 Israel1276.0170.13%
43.48%
4.56%
51.96%
265.70
110.09%
 Italy33645.018.44%
27.12%
22.72%
50.16%
560.52
29.65%
 Jamaica1350.012.47%
10.34%
81.24%
8.42%
457.25
12.47%
 Jordan941.8138.10%
45.02%
3.34%
51.65%
108.29
104.31%
 Japan78400.018.23%
18.88%
13.14%
67.98%
619.88
36.05%
 Kazakhstan24585.038.21%
18.82%
18.49%
62.69%
1308.22
34.10%
 Kenya4032.019.48%
12.28%
7.51%
80.21%
74.98
33.24%
 Kyrgyzstan7707.015.75%
2.92%
4.39%
92.69%
1174.09
50.04%
 Cambodia2184.01.81%
4.49%
1.51%
94.00%
48.56
1.04%
 Saint Kitts and Nevis12.250.83%
98.72%
0.00%
1.28%
293.24
50.83%
 South Korea29197.045.02%
24.64%
16.43%
58.93%
528.23
85.22%
 Kuwait770.1
35.86%
1.86%
62.27%
292.70
3 850.50%
 Laos7350.03.86%
1.77%
2.31%
95.92%
1010.23
4.79%
 Lebanon1812.037.75%
13.04%
48.91%
38.04%
269.58
58.79%
 Liberia145.90.07%
54.97%
36.60%
8.43%
28.85
0.26%
 Libya5720.0817.14%
12.01%
4.80%
83.19%
848.46
817.14%
 Saint Lucia42.914.30%
29.14%
0.00%
70.86%
233.63
14.30%
 Sri Lanka12946.024.52%
6.22%
6.42%
87.36%
604.58
90.79%
 Lesotho43.80.84%
45.66%
45.66%
8.68%
20.45
2.57%
 Lithuania254.41.65%
53.81%
23.73%
22.46%
93.45
1.83%
 Luxembourg47.84.78%
100.00%
0.00%
0.00%
75.88
3.96%
 Latvia181.21.07%
48.93%
20.53%
30.53%
96.07
1.07%
 Morocco10573.036.46%
10.19%
2.03%
87.78%
282.60
50.75%
 Monaco5.0
100.00%
0.00%
0.00%
127.41
 Moldova846.052.22%
20.00%
72.88%
6.88%
198.32
12.56%
 Madagascar13457.53.99%
2.91%
1.19%
95.89%
489.58
11.26%
 Maldives4.715.67%
94.92%
5.08%
0.00%
10.91
15.67%
 Mexico89548.021.89%
14.70%
9.55%
75.74%
694.53
44.82%
 North Macedonia1599.229.61%
65.10%
5.27%
29.63%
225.17
38.70%
 Mali5186.08.64%
2.06%
0.08%
97.86%
256.09
8.00%
 Malta41.381.86%
60.34%
1.58%
38.08%
143.31
81.86%
 Myanmar33231.03.31%
9.95%
1.49%
88.56%
613.70
5.80%
 Montenegro160.9
59.91%
39.03%
1.06%
256.18
 Mongolia462.41.33%
9.80%
35.94%
54.26%
141.05
3.40%
 Mozambique1473.01.47%
25.25%
1.70%
73.05%
47.13
1.75%
 Mauritania1348.2337.05%
7.07%
2.36%
90.58%
290.39
13.25%
 Mauritius607.022.06%
48.36%
1.48%
50.16%
478.07
22.06%
 Malawi1356.88.41%
10.55%
3.52%
85.94%
70.93
17.50%
 Malaysia6707.01.16%
24.45%
29.90%
45.65%
169.56
3.44%
 Namibia281.94.58%
25.35%
4.86%
69.79%
113.35
0.86%
 Niger2583.373.81%
7.48%
1.50%
91.02%
106.72
11.02%
 Nigeria12472.05.64%
40.08%
15.75%
44.17%
60.52
9.67%
 Nicaragua1273.00.81%
14.91%
0.05%
85.04%
192.41
2.22%
 Netherlands8306.075.51%
24.74%
71.56%
3.70%
484.74
16.80%
 Norway2691.10.70%
28.81%
39.80%
31.39%
496.42
2.05%
 Nepal9497.14.79%
1.55%
0.31%
98.14%
325.95
8.31%
 New Zealand9875.03.02%
10.20%
24.21%
65.59%
1013.98
8.05%
 Oman1634.0116.71%
6.79%
12.43%
80.78%
375
116.71%
 Pakistan189590.0344.71%
5.26%
0.76%
93.98%
830.50
116.31%
 Panama1211.40.89%
62.66%
0.51%
36.83%
280.76
0.90%
 Peru38550.02.35%
5.81%
9.11%
85.08%
1169.18
7.18%
 Philippines85867.117.93%
9.50%
11.51%
79.00%
783.59
26.25%
 Papua New Guinea392.10.05%
57.00%
42.74%
0.26%
43.82
0.13%
 Poland8667.016.17%
21.22%
63.70%
15.08%
243.41
30.00%
 Puerto Rico875.012.32%
24.31%
72.22%
3.47%
1144.59
19.54%
 North Korea8657.812.92%
10.43%
13.23%
76.35%
335.85
27.74%
 Portugal6129.516.13%
14.41%
29.83%
55.76%
601.46
12.32%
 Paraguay2413.02.06%
15.00%
6.38%
78.62%
338.31
1.84%
 Palestine352.443.40%
44.09%
7.78%
48.13%
87.90
50.26%
 Qatar250.0446.43%
59.49%
4.41%
36.44%
306.67
431.03%
 Romania6416.015.14%
16.91%
60.85%
22.24%
333.51
6.01%
 Russia64820.01.50%
26.46%
44.79%
28.76%
444.17
4.12%
 Rwanda610.06.42%
38.33%
1.67%
60.00%
46.32
20.20%
 Saudi Arabia23380.0974.17%
13.05%
5.39%
81.56%
746.60
974.17%
 Sudan26935.0673.38%
3.53%
0.28%
96.19%
614.26
118.66%
 Senegal3061.611.87%
8.64%
0.05%
91.31%
180.43
16.28%
 Singapore498.783.12%
45.00%
51.00%
4.00%
112.81
83.12%
 Sierra Leone212.20.13%
52.31%
26.15%
21.54%
26.60
0.50%
 El Salvador389.12.49%
22.38%
10.06%
67.56%
326.54
2.43%
 Somalia3298.054.97%
0.45%
0.06%
99.48%
207.51
24.53%
 Serbia5324.563.33%
12.72%
74.87%
12.41%
609.39
6.00%
 South Sudan658.02.53%
29.33%
34.19%
36.47%
58.78
4.23%
 São Tomé and Príncipe40.91.88%
35.94%
1.47%
62.59%
186.62
1.88%
 Suriname615.90.62%
8.00%
22.00%
70.00%
1049.89
3.95%
 Slovakia555.04.40%
52.81%
41.87%
5.32%
101.66
2.39%
 Slovenia1003.05.37%
16.93%
82.77%
0.30%
482.94
6.78%
 Sweden2483.01.45%
28.14%
51.01%
4.11%
245.96
3.58%
 Eswatini1068.040.45%
3.87%
1.94%
94.19%
920.56
77.56%
 Seychelles11.3
65.69%
27.74%
6.57%
139.30
 Syria13964.4195.80%
8.80%
3.67%
87.53%
957.70
124.36%
 Chad879.65.86%
11.79%
11.79%
76.42%
53.55
4.29%
 Togo223.01.94%
63.09%
2.83%
34.08%
273.81
3.39%
 Thailand57307.025.53%
4.78%
4.85%
90.37%
888.93
23.01%
 Tajikistan10602.016.71%
9.21%
16.26%
74.53%
1037.99
69.94%
 Turkmenistan26245.01867.97%
1.73%
3.07%
61.42%
2740.93
135.21%
 Timor-Leste1172.014.27%
8.45%
0.17%
91.38%
26.94
28.27%
 Trinidad and Tobago336.28.76%
62.00%
33.64%
4.36%
303.54
20.33%
 Tunisia3864.092.11%
22.73%
1.73%
75.54%
292.49
98.11%
 Turkey61533.627.11%
11.10%
1.66%
87.24%
737.58
45.71%
 Tanzania5184.06.17%
10.17%
0.48%
89.35%
821
12.96%
 Uganda637.01.63%
51.49%
7.85%
40.66%
225.68
5.83%
 Ukraine9459.017.17%
28.06%
40.93%
30.99%
503.65
12.26%
 Uruguay3660.03.97%
11.20%
2.19%
86.61%
1053.62
9.79%
 United States444396.115.77%
13.14%
47.20%
39.66%
1342.26
28.16%
 Uzbekistan58904.0360.49%
4.09%
3.62%
92.29%
1759.83
168.92%
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines7.97.90%
99.98%
0.02%
0.00%
76.64
7.90%
 Venezuela22621.12.81%
22.64%
3.51%
73.85%
795.69
7.54%
 Vietnam81862.022.78%
1.47%
3.75%
94.78%
842.73
18.13%
 Yemen3565.0169.76%
7.43%
1.82%
90.74%
119.53
169.76%
 South Africa20310.045.33%
16.21%
21.31%
62.48%
323.54
65.03%
 Zambia1572.01.96%
18.45%
8.27%
73.28%
85.51
2.84%
 Zimbabwe3771.430.76%
17.21%
2.16%
80.64%
253.74
35.41%
United Nations WORLD3895525.39.11%
13.08%
15.37%
71.31%
Caribbean small states4019.31.08%
13.77%
34.66%
51.56%
Pacific island small states
29.80%
11.31%
58.89%
Least developed countries: UN classification198860.44.38%
7.61%
1.74%
90.65%
Low & middle income (WB)3002424.49.46%
11.92%
8.46%
79.31%
Low-income110611.04.15%
7.19%
2.51%
90.30%
Middle-income (WB)2882577.09.90%
12.13%
8.70%
78.85%
Lower middle income (WB)1656886.018.35%
8.30%
3.62%
88.08%
Upper middle income (WB)1225691.06.10%
17.31%
15.58%
66.38%
High-income870479.78.53%
16.83%
39.49%
43.64%
European Union183700.113.51%
23.26%
45.33%
31.20%
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development)1011069.37.93%
16.09%
34.32%
49.55%
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