List of titles used by dictators
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of titles used by dictators, authoritarian political leaders.
- The Supreme Ruler of Russia Alexander Kolchak, head of the military dictatorship in Russia during the Russian Civil War in the territories controlled by the White movement.
- The Paraguayan President José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia used, among other titles, El Supremo (The Supreme) and Dictador Perpetuo (Perpetual Dictator).
In the 1940s and parts of the 1950s
Such titles used by heads of state and/or government during the Second World War include:
- Führer ("leader" or "guide") Adolf Hitler, from 1934 to 1945, dictator of Germany (formally "Führer and Reich Chancellor").
- Führer und Lehrer Joseph Stalin, late 1940s in East Germany
- Joseph Stalin, dictator of Soviet Union has been referred to as Father of Nations, "Great Leader", "General Secretary", "Generalisimus"
- Duce (from Latin dux meaning "guide") Benito Mussolini, from 1925 to 1943 dictator of Italy (formally "Head of Government").
- Vodca ("Leader") monsignor Jozef Tiso, from 1942 self-styled, in Slovakia, President 1939–1945 (acting to 26 October 1939).
- Vodja ("Leader"), a title used by Milan Stojadinović in Yugoslavia.
- Conducător ("leader"), a title used by Ion Antonescu in Romania.
- El Caudillo de España ("the Chieftain of Spain") Generalísimo Francisco Franco Bahamonde, Jefe de Estado (Chief of State) and "Chief of Government" (Prime Minister). He adopted this title for himself and came to power after winning the Spanish Civil War. During World War II he maintained the neutrality of Spain. In fact the title of Franco was used officially and rather than personally (cf: "mein führer" or "mio duce" my fuhrer and my duce). It is alleged that it was often used as a protocolary title; preceded with By the Grace of God it would indicate that the Spanish People had been luckily spared from the Soviet invasion.
- Marszałek (marshal) Józef Piłsudski, dictator of Poland from 1926 to 1935.
- Poglavnik Nezavisne Države Hrvatske ("Chief of the Independent State of Croatia") Ante Pavelić, leader of the Nazi-Fascist Italy puppet government in Croatia.
- Maréchal ("Marshal") – Between 1940 and 1944, when Marshal Philippe Pétain was Chief of the French State (Vichy France), the name for his military rank became synonymous with Pétain. Though the country retained the Marseillaise as its national anthem, Maréchal, nous voilà ! was widely seen as the alternative Vichy French anthem.[citation needed]
- Nemzetvezető ("leader of the nation"), a title used by Ferenc Szálasi, the chief of the Nyilaskeresztes Párt (Arrow Cross Party) who succeeded Miklós Horthy in Hungary.
- Arhigos ("chief" or "leader"), a title used by General Ioannis Metaxas of Greece's 4th of August Regime.
- Adipati ("chief of state" or "generalissimo"), the title used by Ba Maw of the Japanese satellite State of Burma
- Udhëheqësi [i partisë dhe i popullit] ynë i madh, Our great guide [of the party and of the people], the most common title used by Albanian communist dictator Enver Hoxha.
