List of wars involving Albania

• Arbanitai soldiers (Albanian)
• Bulgarian soldiers
• Roman soldiers
• Frankish (Italian) mercenaries
• Varangian mercenaries
• Pecheneg mercenaries

• Basilakes' forces included veteran Roman, Bulgarian, Albanian, Frankish, Varangian and Pecheneg troops
• Basilakes was defeated by Alexios Komnenos near the Vardar River
• Basilakes fled to Thessaloniki, where he was captured by his own soldiers
• The rebellion was suppressed in 1078

• Principality of Arbanon
• Despotate of Epirus

• Empire of Nicaea

• Golem of Kruja initially supported Michael II against the Nicaean forces.^[1]
• Golem and his soldiers subsequently surrendered to John III Vatatzes.^[1]
• The defection of Golem and other Epirote leaders helped force Michael II to come to terms with Vatatzes.^[2]
• The resulting settlement placed Kruja under Nicaean suzerainty.^[3]

• Arbanon rebels initially defeat Nicaean forces
• The revolt is put under control by 1259
• Albanian nobles rebel again in 1260-1270 around Durrës

• Kingdom of Albania Angevin Kingdom of Sicily

• Albanian nobility and forces

• The Anjou were largely expelled from Albania (1281) by a coalition of Byzantines and local Albanian forces, only Durrës and Aulon remain under Angevin rule.
• Andrea I Muzaka establishes a de facto independent territorial rule, which later included the Myzeqe area west of Berat between the Devoll and the Vjosa

• Stefan Milutin invades Northern Albania in 1296 with the goal of capturing the Mat–Ohrid line. He successfully captures Durrës however is defeated by Progon Skurraj somewhere between Tetovo and Ohrid, halting the campaign
• Peace is reached in 1299 with Stefan Milutin annexing the lands north of Durrës, while the city itself together with Ohrid remained under Albanian-Byzantine control.
• Creation of a new Albanian-Angevin alliance.

• Kantakouzenos victory
• John VI Kantakouzenos defeats regents
• Recognized as senior emperor
• Serbia gained Macedonia and Albania, and soon after Epirus and Thessaly, establishing the Serbian Empire
• Bulgaria gains northern Thrace

Principality of Valona

• Muzaka forces capture Myzeqe, Berat, Tomorricë, Skrapar, Këlcyrë, Përmet, Opar, Devoll, Kolonjë and Kastoria.

Navarrese Company

Kingdom of Navarre

• The Principality of Albania captures Durrës.
• End of the Angevin Kingdom of Albania.

• An Epirote invasion force is badly defeated by the Albanians at the Battle of Achelous and the Epirote leader, Nikephoros II Orsini, is killed.
• Albanians invade Epirus. Pjetër Losha forms the Despotate of Arta and Gjin Bua Shpata forms the Despotate of Angelokastron and Lepanto.
• Serbs take control of the rest of Epirus.

• Gjergj I Balsha, allied with the Mataranga family go to war against Karl Thopia.
• Gjergj I Balsha gets captured by Karl Thopia and gets held until 1366 when the Republic of Ragusa mediated peace.^[6]

• Despotate of Arta

Albanian Mazaraki Tribe
Albanian Malakasi Tribe

• Albanian forces with support from Aromanian tribes besiege and attack Ioannina from 1367 to 1370.^[7]
• An agreement is made where the daughter, Irene, of the ruler of Epirus, Thomas Preljubović marries the son, Gjin, of the ruler of Arta, Pjetër Losha. This ends the siege.

• Albanian forces under Gjin Bua Shpata defeat forces under Thomas Preljubović and ravaged the countryside of Ioannina, but fail to capture the city.
• An agreement is made where the sister, Helena, of the ruler of Epirus, Thomas Preljubović marries Gjin Bua Shpata.

Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of France

• Navarrese victory.
• Louis of Évreux captures Durrës.
• Reestablishment of the Kingdom of Albania.

• Knights Hospitaller capture Nafpaktos and Vonitsa
• The Gjin Bua Shpata ambushed the Knights Hospitaller Army and captured Grand Master Juan Fernández de Heredia and holds him for ransom
• Gjin Bua Shpata recaptures Nafpaktos

• Preljubović, leader of Epirus, appealed for help from the Ottomans and Frank's who provide the Epirotes with an auxiliary force.
• Thomas Preljubović uses his new auxiliary to good use by capturing many fortresses in the Despotate of Arta, but Albanians under Gjon Shpata, together with the Mazarakii tribe held their defensive positions.

• Albanians besiege Ioannina.
• Shpata withdraws due to strong city defences. The two sides later negotiate peace.

• Albanian - Ottoman forces defeat Zetan forces.
• Balsha II is killed in the Battle of Savra.

• Albanian and Aromanian forces are defeated in four battles against Epirote, Thessalian and Ottoman forces around Jannina.
• Albanian forces withdraw into the surrounding mountains. Peace lasts from 1391–1394.

• Venice invades and successfully captures Durrës from the Princedom.

• Principality of Gjirokastër

• Epirote forces led by Esau de' Buondelmonti invade Zenebishi territory in 1399, but are routed in battle by the Albanians and Esau is captured.
• Esau is released after a large ransom is paid in 1400, ending the war.

• Forces under Vonko invade and capture Arta, expelling Skurra Bua Shpata.
• Muriq Shpata's forces drive Vonko out of Arta and take control of the city. Skurra maintains control of Angelokastron.

1403–1407:
Despotate of Arta

• Forces loyal to Pal Shpata
• Forces loyal to Maurice Shpata

Ottoman Empire (1406 only)
1407–1408:
Despotate of Arta (supported by Muriq Shpata)

• Carlo I Tocco invades Skurra Bua Shpata's area of the Despotate of Arta.
• Muriq reinforces Skurra but the latter is killed in battle by the Epirotes in 1403.
• Skurras' son, Pal, seeks Ottoman aid, ceding Angelokastron to the Ottoman Empire. However, only a small Ottoman contingent is sent which is defeated in battle in 1406.
• Pal retreats from most of his areas the same year and cedes Naupaktos to Venice in 1407.
• Tocco captures Angelokastron from the Ottomans in 1408.
• A Tocco attack against the city of Arta is repelled by Albanians under Muriq in 1408.

• Most of the mainland territories across from the Venetian possession of Corfu were taken.

• A local rebellion breaks out in the Shkodër area in early 1405. The Balšići intervene in favour of the rebels and capture all of the region including Drivast, but fail to capture Rozafa Castle in Shkodër.
• The Venetians retake Drivast in August 1405, followed by the Zetan coastal towns of Bar, Ulcinj and Budva.
• Peace is negotiated in 1409 however the Venetians broke the peace agreement shortly afterwards, resulting in the Zetans resuming war in early 1410. Shkodër is besieged.
• Peace is made in early 1413 although both sides are unsatisfied.

• Princedom of Albania

• Muzaka Lordship

• Forces under Niketa Thopia are heavily defeated during a skirmish with forces under Theodor Corona Musachi.
• Niketa Thopia is captured, and only released after ceding territory around the Shkumbin River to the Muzaka family.

• Principality of Gjirokastër

Albanian Shpata Family

• Despotate of Arta

• Albanians invade Epirus following the expulsion of Eudocia Balsic from Ioannina and the establishment of Carolo Tocco.^[11]
• Epirote forces are defeated in battle, however Albanian forces fail to take Ioannina.

• Principality of Gjirokastër

• Ottomans conquer the territory of the Principality.
• Ruler of the Principality, Gjon Zenebishi, goes into exile in Corfu.

• The Shpata's suffer defeat at a battle near Nicopolis.
• Jakob Bua Shpata, ruler of the Despotate of Arta, is killed in an ambush at Bompliana in October 1416.
• Following the death of Jakob Epirote forces successfully invade and annex the territory previously under control by Shpata clan.^[12]

• Principality of Gjirokastër

• Ottomans successfully besiege Gjirokastër and reconquer the territory of the Principality.
• Ruler of the Principality, Depë Zenebishi, goes into exile in Corfu.

• Dukagjini Family
• Kastrioti family
• Humoj family
• Zaharia family

• Venice captured Ulcinj, Grbalj, and territory of Paštrovići, with Kotor deciding to accept Venetian suzerainty
• Serbian Despotate captured Drivast and returned its suzerainty over Bar, Budva, and Luštica

• Arianiti family
• Thopia family
• Kastrioti family (until Summer 1433)
• Zenebishi family (from Late 1432)
• Dukagjini family (from Summer 1433)

Support:
Venice

• Albanian rebels led by Andrea Thopia attack Ottomans in Central Albania in 1432, beginning the revolt. Krujë is unsuccessfully besieged.
• Rebels capture Vlorë in May 1432. An Ottoman invasion force of 10,000 men is defeated in the Winter of 1432 by forces of Gjergj Arianiti at the Central valley of the Shkumbin.
• Depë Zenebishi joins the revolt in late 1432, capturing Këlcyrë, Zagorie and Pogon that year.
• Zenebishi's forces besiege Gjirokastër, the capital of the Sanjak of Albania, between late 1432 until early 1433 but are defeated by the Ottomans.
• Ottoman forces pillage Kanina and Yannina in the Summer of 1433 and then invade Gjon Kastrioti's lands, bringing him out of the war.
• Nikollë Dukagjini rebels in Summer 1433 and captures areas of the former Principality of Dukagjini including Dagnum.
• Zenebishi's forces besiege Kanina.
• Ottomans recapture Vlorë in May 1434.
• A second Ottoman invasion force is defeated, again by Gjergj Arianiti, in South-Central Albania, August 1434.
• With Venetian aid, Ottomans take back Dagnum in 1435.
• A third Ottoman invasion force is defeated by Gjergj Arianiti in April 1435, ending hostilities until 1436.
• Attempts are made to ally the Albanian rebels with the Holy Roman Empire by Sigismund, however talks end when a fourth Ottoman invasion force subdues Albania in mid-1436, committing massacres against the civilian population and defeating the un-unified rebel forces.

1444–46:
League of Lezhë

1446–50:
League of Lezhë
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• State of Arianiti

1450–51:
Albanians under Skanderbeg
Muzaka Lordship

Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• State of Arianiti

1451–54:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• Principality of Kastrioti
• State of Arianiti
• Muzaka Lordship

1454–56:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• Principality of Kastrioti
• Principality of Dukagjini
• Muzaka Lordship

1456–68:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• Principality of Kastrioti
• Principality of Dukagjini
• Muzaka Lordship

Republic of Venice

• State of Arianiti

1468–78:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• Principality of Kastrioti
• Principality of Dukagjini

1478–79:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• Principality of Dukagjini

Republic of Venice

• State of Arianiti
• Albanian resistance forces

Lordship of Zeta (Siege of Shkodra only)

• Muzaka Lordship

1444–46:
Ottoman Empire

1446–50:
Ottoman Empire

1450–51:
Ottoman Empire
Principality of Dukagjini
State of Arianiti

1451–54:
Ottoman Empire

• Principality of Dukagjini

1454–56:
Ottoman Empire

• State of Arianiti

1456–68:
Ottoman Empire

1468–78:
Ottoman Empire

• Muzaka Lordship

1478–79:
Ottoman Empire

• Muzaka Lordship

• The Ottomans are defeated in numerous battles by the Albanians, mostly under Skanderbeg.
• Albanian resistance weakens following the death of Skanderbeg in 1468.
• Krujë falls in 1478 after three previous failed sieges in 1450, 1466 and 1467.
• Shkodër falls in 1479.

• Humoj Family
• Vulkuta's Forces
• Ugrin's Forces
• Zapa Family
• Pedantari Family
• Moneta Family
• Malonši Family
• Sornja's Forces

Ottoman Empire

• Albanians besiege Dagnum and Durazzo in December.
• Ottomans invade Albania and besiege Svetigrad in May.
• Albanian victory at the Battle of the River Drin in July. Scutari is besieged.
• Balec is garrisoned by the Albanians but a Venetian offensive retakes and burns down the fortress. An Albanian assault against a Venetian fortress by Hamza Kastrioti is defeated.
• Svetigrad falls to the Ottomans in late July.
• Ottoman invasion repelled at the First Battle of Oranik in August.
• With Durazzo, Scutari, and Dagnum close to surrender, Venetians make peace in October.
• Venice keeps Dagnum and cedes all territory on the Albanian side of the Drin to the League. Venice also pays Skanderbeg a lifetime pension and provides trade privileges to the Arianiti.

• Ottoman forces invade Albania under Mehmed II
• Skanderbeg defeats Hamza Pasha at the Battle of Modrič and captures him
• Skanderbeg defeats Tahip Pasha at the Battle of Meçad, where Tahip Pasha is killed
• The Ottoman invasion is repulsed

• Albanian rebels under Peter Bua rise against the rulers of the Despotate of the Morea
• Greek and Latin rebels join the uprising
• Ottoman forces under Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey intervene in support of the Palaiologoi
• The revolt is suppressed in 1454

• Forces under Ivan Crnojević land near Dubrovnik following the breakout of an Ottoman civil war.
• With aid from Zetan rebels and Albanian forces led by Gjon Kastrioti II, Ivan Crnojević re-establishes the Principality of Zeta.^[13]

Knights of Malta
Papal States
 France
Greek revolutionaries (including Maniots)
Albanian Christian rebels^[14]

• Albanian Catholics participated in anti-Ottoman rebellions with Venetian support during the war.^[15]
• Venice attempted to encourage a larger uprising among Albanian Christians in 1649, but the attempt failed.^[16]
• The war ended with the fall of Candia and an Ottoman victory.

• Süleyman Pasha reasserts his claim over the Montenegro vilayet.
• Retreat of Venetian forces.

Pashalik of Yanina

• Shkodran forces recapture the Sanjak of Durrës

• Montenegrin Nikšići tribe
• Montenegrin Paštrovići tribe
• Montenegrin Bjelice tribe

• Albanian Shkodran forces under Kara Mahmud Pasha invade Montenegro.
• Albanian forces pass through the territories of the Nikšići, Paštrovići and Bjelice.
• The Montenegrin coastline is reached and Cetinje is burnt down.

• Pashalik of Yanina
• Bosnia eyalet
• Rumelia Eyalet

• Pashalik of Scutari loses large parts of its territories held outside of the Sanjak of Scutari
• Ottomans fail to overthrow Kara Mahmud Pasha, after decisive defeat in the Siege of Shkodër
• Outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War in 1787 and the Austro-Turkish War in 1788 forces Ottoman Authorities to withdraw from further Operations against Kara Mahmud Pasha
• After Imperial pardon Kara Mahmud Pasha joins the Ottomans against the Austrians in the Austro-Turkish War

• Souliote forces defeat Ali Pasha

(1795)

• In 1795 Kara Mahmud Pasha conquered parts of Southern Albania and much of Kosovo.^[17]
• Kara Mahmud Pasha defeated Ottoman forces in Prizren and annexed the Sanjak by installing his own nephew as governor of the sanjak.^[17]
• Ottomans besieged Shkodra and retreated after being defeated by Kara Mahmud Pasha, then returned but again failed to complete the siege.

• Serbian Piperi Tribe
• Serbian Bjelopavlići Tribe

• Shkodran forces march into Montenegro northwards in 1796 but are defeated at the Battle of Martinići, near modern-day Gornji Martinići, 3.5 km north of Spuž.
• Lješkopolje is taken by the Albanians as forces under Bushati prepares to raid Cetinje.
• Shkodran Albanians are intercepted and engage the Montenegrin at Battle of Krusi, suffering defeat. The leader of the Shkodran Albanians, Kara Mahmud Pasha, is killed.
• Shkodran forces fall back to Podgorica, within Ottoman territory.

(18–25 October 1798)

• Albanian bashi-bazouks

• Albanian Forces defeat French Forces.
• On The 25 October général de brigade Nicolas Grégoire Aulmont de Verrières [fr] Ordered the destruction of fortifications and the evacuation of remaining French forces and Greek inhabitants of the town to Corfu.

• Dissolution of the Pashalik of Scutari

• Albanian Forces Turkish-speaking Forces and boudin forces

• Muhammad Ali establishes his rule over Sudan

Albanian bashi-bazouks

• Muhammad Ali Pasha defeats Ottomans in several battles.
• provinces of Greater Syria are granted to Muhammad Ali Pasha.

• Albanias are victorious in their Uprising in Shkodër in 1833.
• The same year another uprising brakes out in Southern Albania, where the rebels are once again victorious.
• Another Uprising brakes out during 1834-1835, in which ottomans are victorious in Southern Albania and Albanians are victorious in Northern Albania.
• Two more Uprisings brake out in Southern Albania,one in 1836 and another in 1839.Ottomans suppress the uprising in 1836, however Albanians are victorious in the Uprising of 1839.

• The uprising is suppressed by the Ottomans.
• Dervish Cara is captured

Albanian bashi-bazouks Spanish Empire Kingdom of France

British Empire Austrian Empire Russian Empire Prussia

• Ottomans defeat Egyptian Forces.
• Egypt drops Claims on Greater Syria.
• Muhammad Ali Pasha is recognized as Ruler of Egypt by Britain.

• Serbian Piperi Tribe
• Serbo-Albanian Kuči Tribe
• Serbian Bjelopavlići Tribe

Crmnica Tribes

• Following a poor harvest and increased centralisation by the Montenegrin Prince, tribes in Brda and Crmnica rise up and attempt to secede from Montenegro.
• The rebellion is quickly crushed and the ringleaders shot.

• Montenegrin forces suffer heavy casualties
• Death of Pope Savo Vujović

• Greek forces capture Saranda.
• Albanians defeat the Greeks in Gjashtë and again in Karalibej.
• Greek forces retreat to the Lëkurës Castle which is besieged and retaken by Albanian troops, forcing Greeks to retreat.

Support: The Great Powers
Principality of Montenegro

• League of Prizren captures areas of Kosovo and prevents Montenegrin annexation of Ulcinj.
• Great Powers blockade Ulcinj and request the Ottomans "to pacify" the League.
• Ottoman forces take Prizren, dismantle the League and deport the leaders of the League from Kosovo. They then invade Ulcinj and deliver it to Montenegro.

• Albanian volunteers

• Italian volunteers
• Armenian volunteers^[21]

• Small parts of Thessaly ceded to the Ottoman Empire^[22]

• Rebellion suppressed

(1911)

• The Ottomans peacefully pacify the rebels

• De-jure establishment of the Albanian Vilayet
• Albanians Capture most of the Lands known today as Greater Albania

• Serbian military victory

• Albanian and IMRO forces rise against Serbian rule in the Ohrid and Debar regions
• The uprising temporarily captures Debar and surrounding areas
• Serbian forces launch a counteroffensive and suppress the uprising

• Essad Pasha Toptani takes over large parts of Central Albania and forms a new state.
• Toptani's invasion of Elbasan is repelled. Dutch forces shell Toptani's house, forcing his surrender.
• Toptani is deported to Italy but the revolt continues.
• Muslim Rebels defeat Dutch-Mirdita Catholic forces at the Battle of Shijak.
• Muslim Rebels capture Berat and Vlora
• Durrës is besieged.
• The Senate of Central Albania formed.
• Toptani invades and captures Central Albania and Dibër with Italian and Serb support and reforms the Republic of Central Albania.
• Durrës is captured by Toptani unopposed.

• Italy occupies Sazan Island and Vlorë.

Kingdom of Serbia
Montenegro

• Austria-Hungary occupies northern and central Albania
• The Republic of Central Albania is conquered, and a defensive line is set up in the south of Albania along the Vjosa river.^[23]

Kingdom of Italy
French Third Republic

• Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë

Kingdom of Greece
Kingdom of Serbia
Montenegro

• Bulgaria defeated all allied forces and fully occupied Albania for the remainder of the war

• protectorate over Albania

• Italy voluntarily abandons Vlora, but annexes the island of Saseno.
• Italy abandons plans to establish a mandate over Albania, but retains diplomatic protection over the country to guarantee its special interests

Albanian guerillas led by Ahmet Zog

Kingdom of Greece
Republic of Mirdita

Army of Wrangel

• Yugoslav military victory^[24]
• Restoration of the Status quo ante bellum
• Conference of Ambassadors reaffirms 1913 borders
• League of Nations commission intervention
• Yugoslav withdrawal under international pressure
• Suppression of the Republic of Mirdita

• The Kachaks
• Southern Albanian Çetas

Kelmendi Tribesmen

• Mati Tribesmen
• Tribesmen from Diber

White Movement
Yugoslav Army

• Fan Noli becomes the Prime Minister of Albania
• Exile of Ahmet Zogu
• 6 months later Zogu with Great Powers and Yugoslav support would coup the government

• Ahmet Zog coups the government of Fan Noli with the help of Yugoslav Army and Great Powers
• Exile of Fan Noli

• Italian occupation of Albania

• Italian Albania

Nazi Germany (From 1943)

• German Albania

Balli Kombëtar (From 1943)
Second League of Prizren (From 1943)

• Liberation of Albania from Axis occupation.
• Balli Kombëtar defeated.
• Albania becomes a Communist state.

• The uprising begins in July 1941 against Italian occupation
• Insurgents temporarily capture large areas of Montenegro
• Italian and allied forces launch a counteroffensive
• Albanian forces, including irregulars from Vermosh under Prek Cali, participate in the fighting
• The uprising is suppressed by December 1941

LANÇ
Supported by:
United Kingdom
Yugoslav Partisans

• Establishment of the Democratic Government of Albania.

• The Uprising is suppressed.
• Communist forces gain control of the Kelmendi region.

• The Uprising is suppressed.
• Communist forces gain control of the Mirdita region.

• Anti-communist forces in the Postribë region rise against the communist government
• The uprising is quickly suppressed by government forces
• Numerous rebels are arrested and executed or imprisoned
• The uprising fails to overthrow the communist government

Financial/Military support:

United States

• Pogradec Agreement
• Cessation of border clashes
• Restoration of border markers

United States
United Kingdom
Canada
France
Germany
Italy
Australia
Turkey
Poland
Netherlands
Denmark
Norway
Romania

• Albania contributed 3,041 military personnel to ISAF (2002–2014)
• Albania contributed 4,160 military personnel to the Afghanistan mission from 2002 to 15 June 2021
• Albanian Special Forces participated in combat operations in Kandahar Province
• NATO withdrawal in 2021
• Taliban victory