List of wars involving Canada
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of wars and armed conflicts in and involving Canada in chronological order, from the 11th century to the 21st century. It is divided into two main sections.
The first section outlines conflicts that happened in what is now Canada before its confederation in 1867. It lists conflicts such as: the Beaver Wars, Acadian Civil War, and various Anglo-Dutch Wars, highlighting the belligerents involved and the outcomes.
The second section discusses wars involving Canada since its confederation in 1867. It lists conflicts such as: the Fenian Raids, Red River Rebellion, Mahdist War, Canada in World War I and Canada in World War II, detailing the combatants, results, and casualties for each event. Ongoing conflicts and military operations, such as the military intervention against the Islamic State and involvement in maritime security operations in response to Houthi attacks are also covered.
List
Colonial conflicts (17th century – 1867)
The following were conflicts that occurred in present-day Canada from the 17th century CE to the mid-19th century, prior to Canadian Confederation. Belligerents in these conflicts typically involved colonies in Canada (e.g. New France, the Canadas), and/or First Nations groups residing in the region.
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian Wars (1609–1890) |
Colonists, Viceroyalty and Europeans: British Empire: Kingdom of England  Kingdom of Great Britain British America United Kingdom British North America Dominion of Canada First French Empire: Kingdom of France New France Spanish Empire: Kingdom of Spain Council of the Indies Viceroyalty of New Spain Dutch Empire: New Netherland Russia Russian America United States Union  Mexico Republic of Texas Confederate StatesIndigenous North Americans[a] |
Indigenous North Americans: American Indians, including the tribes: Cherokee, Creek (Muscogee), Lakota, Miami, Shawnee, Seminole, Wampanoag, Northwestern Confederacy and Tecumseh's Confederacy Comanche Alaska Natives |
|
| Beaver Wars (1609–1701) |
Supported by: |
Indecisive | |
| Acadian Civil War
(1635–1654) |
St. John Administration |
Port Royal Administration |
Port Royal temporary victory
|
| Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667) |
See Aftermath
| ||
| Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674) |
Treaty of Westminster | ||
| King William's War (1688–1697) |
England
|
Peace of Ryswick | |
| Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) |
 |
|
British-Allied victory
|
| Dummer's War (1722–1725[1]) |
Dummer's Treaty (preliminary 1725, final 1727) | ||
| King George's War (1744–1748) |
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle | ||
| Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755) |
British victory | ||
| Sixty Years' War (1754–1815) |
1754–1763 Kingdom of France New France 1763–1766 Warriors from numerous American Indian tribes 1775–1782 1785–1795 1812–1815 |
1754–1763 Various Native tribes 1785–1795 |
Forced displacement and assimilation of Native nations |
| French and Indian War (1754–1763) |
|
|
British victory
|
| Seven Years' War (1756–1763) |
Anglo-Prussian coalition victory[3]
| ||
| Pontiac's War (1763–1766) |
Native American Coalition[4][5]
|
Military stalemate, with negotiated policy concessions in favor of the Native American side
| |
| American Revolutionary War (1775–1783[f]) |
Great Britain Combatants |
Patriots: Thirteen Colonies (1775) United Colonies (1775–1776)
Combatants |
American and allied victory
|
| War of 1812 (1812–1815) |
Inconclusive[p]
| ||
| Pemmican War (1812–1821) |
NWC and HBC merge | ||
| Rebellions of 1837–1838 (1837–1838) |
|
|
Government victory
|
| Pig War (1859) |
Inconclusive
|
.svg){kind=small}
Canada (1867–present)
The following table lists conflicts involving Canada since confederation in 1867. Since that time there have been 26 conflicts with 2 of them currently ongoing:
See also
Notes
- Various rival Native American tribes fought against each other, while making alliances with different White European colonial factions.
- While Prussia itself was part of the Empire and many HRE states remained neutral, the Imperial Diet formally declared action against Prussia, so it was an Imperial action rather than being conducted solely in the name of Austrian interests. See below.
- Until 1762
- A cease-fire in North America was proclaimed by Congress[7] on April 11, 1783, under a cease-fire agreement between Great Britain and France on January 20, 1783. The final peace treaty was signed on September 3, 1783, and ratified on January 14, 1784, in the US, with final ratification exchanged in Europe on May 12, 1784. Hostilities in India continued until July 1783.
- Sixty-five percent of Britain's German auxiliaries employed in North America were from Hesse-Kassel (16,000) and Hesse-Hanau (2,422), flying this same flag.[8]
- Twenty percent of Britain's German auxiliaries employed in North America were from Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (5,723),[9] flying this flag.[10]
- (from 1779)
- Including the United Colonies period from 1776 to 1781 and the Confederation period from 1781 to 1783.
- The states involved in the Revolutionary War included New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
- Two independent "COR" Regiments, the Congress's Own Regiments, were recruited among British Canadiens. The 1st Canadian Regiment formed by James Livingston of Chambly, Quebec;[14] and the 2nd Canadian Regiment formed by Moses Hazen of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec.[15]
- Augustin de La Balme independently marched on Detroit under a French flag with British Canadien militia recruited from western Quebec (Illinois County, Virginia) at the county seat of Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes.[16]
- (until 1779)
- Raids conducted in 1866 occurred in the Province of Canada, and the colony of New Brunswick, prior to Canadian confederation
- Political legitimacy of all Houthi-led government bodies has been rejected by the United Nations, rival Yemeni factions, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the United States.
- Multiple sources indicate that the Iranian government has deployed military personnel to Houthi-controlled Yemen who are actively involved in attacks on commercial shipping.