List of wars involving Mexico
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of wars involving various Mexican states.
Mexico has been involved in numerous different military conflicts over the years, with most being civil/internal wars.
Pre-Hispanic Mexico
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish conquest of the Maya
(1511–1697) |
Late Postclassic Maya states | .svg){kind=small} Spanish Empire
|
Defeat |
| Spanish conquest of Tabasco
(1518–1564) |
Chontal Maya |  Spanish empire |
Defeat |
| Spanish conquest of the Mexica
(1519–1530) |
 Mexica (1519–1521)
Allied city-states: Independent kingdoms and city-states:
 Governorate of Cuba (1520, see) |
[1] Habsburg Spain
Indigenous allies:
Support or occasional alliesb: |
Defeat
|
Viceroyalty of New Spain
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish conquest of the Purepecha
(1522–1530) |
Spain
|
 Purépecha Empire |
Defeat
|
| Spanish conquest of Chiapas
(c. 1523 – c. 1695) |
Spain
|
Zoque people
Chiapaneca people, Independent Maya, including:
|
Defeat
|
| Spanish conquest of Guatemala
(1524–1667) |
Spain
|
Independent indigenous kingdoms and city-states, including the: | Defeat
|
| Spanish conquest of El Salvador
(1524–1539) |
Spain
|
Indigenous peoples of El Salvador, including: | Defeat |
| Spanish conquest of Honduras
(1524– c. 1539) |
Spain
|
Indigenous peoples of Honduras, including: | Defeat |
| Expedition to Chesapeake Bay
(1526) |
Spain
|
Hostile Natives
African rebels Spanish mutineers |
Defeat for Spain
|
| Conquest of Yucatán
(1527–1697) |
Spain
|
Mayan tribes | Defeat
|
| Narváez expedition
(1527–1536) |
Spain
|
Tocobaga
Autes |
Inconclusive
|
| Yaqui Wars
(1533–1929)
|
New Spain
 Mexico (since 1821)
 United States (since 1896) |
 Yaqui |
Stalemate |
| Expedition of Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
(1535–1554) |
New Spain
|
Pueblo | Stalemate
|
| Grijalva expedition to the Equatorial Pacific
(1537–1542) |
Spain
|
Hostile Indigenous peoples
Spanish mutineers |
Inconclusive due to the loss of the ship in New Guinea. |
| New Spain Exploration of North America
(1539–1543) |
New Spain
Indian auxiliaries
|
Northern Utina | Defeat for Spain |
| Tiguex War
(1540–1541)
|
New Spain |
Tiwa Indians | Defeat |
| Mixtón war
(1540–1542)
|
New Spain |
Caxcanes | Defeat |
| Chichimeca war
(1550–1590)
|
New Spain
Indian auxiliaries (Tlaxcalteca, Caxcan, Otomí, Mexica, Purépecha) |
Chichimeca Confederation | Victory |
| Guamares Rebellion
(1563–1569) |
New Spain |
Guamares | Defeat |
| Spanish assault on French Florida
(1565) |
Spanish Empire
|
 Kingdom of France
|
Victory for Spain |
| Spanish conquest of the Philippines
(1565–1575) |
Spanish Empire
|
Rajahnate of Maynila | Victory
|
| Spanish expeditions to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu
(1567–1606) |
Spanish Empire
|
Hostile inhabitants of Polynesia | Stalemate
|
| Philippine revolts against Spain
(1567–1872)
|
Spain
|
|
Victory for Spain
|
| Blockade of Cebu
(1568) |
Spain
|
 Portuguese Empire |
Victory for Spain |
| Eighty Years' War, Thirty Years' War
(1568-1648) |
Spanish Empire
Supported by: |
 United Provinces
Supported by: |
Defeat for Spain
|
| Castilian War (1578) |  Spanish Empire
|
 Bruneian Empire
Supported by: |
Status quo ante bellum
|
| 1582 Cagayan battles
(1582) |
Spain
|
  Wokou (Japanese, Chinese, and Korean pirates) |
Victory for Spain |
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
|
Spanish Empire
co-belligerent |
 Kingdom of England
co-belligerent |
Indecisive, Status quo ante bellum
|
| Acoma War
(1598–1599)
|
New Spain |
Acoma Pueblo | Defeat |
| Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600) | Spanish Empire
|
.svg){kind=small} Portuguese Empire
|
Defeat for Spain
|
| Acaxee Rebellion
(1601–1607)
|
New Spain |
Acaxee Indians | Defear |
| Tepehuán Revolt
(1616–1620) |
New Spain |
Tepehuánes | Defeat |
| Spanish conquest of Petén
(c. 1618 – c. 1697) |
New Spain
|
Independent Maya, including:
|
Defeat
|
| Sacalum Rebellion
(1624) |
New Spain |
Maya rebel forces lidered by the Batab Ah Kin Pol | Defeat |
| Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) | Spanish Empire
|
 France
|
Defeat for Spain |
| Apache Wars
(c. 1641–1924) |
New Spain
(until 1821) Mexico
(1821–1915) United States
(1850–1924)  Confederate States (1861–1865) |
Apache | Spanish/Mexican victory |
| Navajo Wars
(c. 1641–1864)
|
New Spain
(until 1821) Mexico
(1821–1848) United States
(1850–1866) |
Navajo | United States victory
|
| Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660) | Spain
|
 Commonwealth of England |
Defeat for Spain |
| Tehuantepec Rebellion
(1660–1661) |
New Spain |
Zapotec peoples | Defeat
|
| Piracy attacks on Lake Nicaragua
(1665–1857) |
New Spain
 Nicaragua
|
West Indies Pirates | Stalemate
|
| Chepo expedition
(1679–1681) |
New Spain
|
English pirates |
Defeat for Spain
|
| Pueblo Revolt
(1680)
|
New Spain |
Puebloans | Victory
|
| War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1712) |  Spain loyal to Philip
Indian Allies: co-belligerent: |
 Holy Roman Empire:
Indian Allies: co-belligerent: |
Political victory for Spain loyal to Philip
Military victory for Spain loyal to Charles
|
| Comanche Wars
(1706–1875)
|
New Spain (until 1820)
 Mexico (since 1821)
 Republic of Texas (since 1836)
 Choctaw Republic[5]
 United States (since 1845) |
Comanche
Other Indigenous nations |
Defeat |
| Pablo Presbere's insurrection
(1709–1710)
|
New Spain
|
Talamanca | Defeat |
| Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712
(1712)
|
New Spain
|
Maya communities | Defeat |
| War of the Quadruple Alliance
(1718–1720) |
Spain
|
 Great Britain
|
Defeat for Spain
Savoy and Austria swap Sicily for Habsburgs and Sardinia for Savoy. |
| Aguayo expedition to Texas
(1720–1722) |
New Spain
|
New France
|
Victory for Spain
|
| Pericúes Rebellion
(1734–1737) |
New Spain |
Pericúes | Stalemate
|
| Pima Revolt
(1751)
|
New Spain
|
Pima Indians | Victory for Spain |
| Seven Years' War (1756–1763) | Spanish Empire
|
Great Britain
|
Defeat for Spain
|
| Cisteil Rebellion
(1761) |
New Spain
|
Maya rebel forces lidered by Jacinto Canek | Defeat
|
| Louisiana Rebellion of 1768
(1768) |
New Spain
|
Louisiana Creole people |
Victory for Spain |
| American Revolutionary War
(1775–1783) |
 United States
 Dutch Republic
 Mysore |
Great Britain
|
Victory for Spain
|
| Cherokee–American wars
[2nd phase post-revolution] (1783–1795)
|
Spanish Empire
Co-belligerent: |
United States |
Spanish withdrawal due to Coalition Wars.
Defeat of Cherokees |
| Nootka Crisis
(1789–1790) |
Spanish Empire
|
Great Britain
Nuu-chah-nulth people  Russian Empire
 United States |
Spanish fail |
| Haitian Revolution
(1791–1804) |
1791–1793
1793–1798
1798–1801 1802–1804 |
1791–1793
1793–1798 1798–1801 |
Defeat for Spain |
| French Revolutionary Wars
(1792–1802) |
 French Republic
|
Great Britain
United States
(Quasi-War) (until 1800) |
Inconclusive |
| Napoleonic Wars
(1803–1815) |
|
 French Empire (from 1804)French clients: |
Victory for Spain/Victory for Mexico
|
| Anglo-American war
(1812–1814) |
|
United States
Indian allies |
Inconclusive
|
| Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition (1812) |  Viceroyalty of New Spain |
Victory for Spain | |
| Seminole Wars
(1817–18) |
Seminole
New Spain
|
United States |
Defeat for Spain
|
| Totonicapán Uprising of 1820
(1820) |
New Spain
|
 K'iche of Totonicapán |
Defeat |
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Independent Mexico
- Key
- Mexican victory
- Mexican defeat
- Ceasefire or other result
- Ongoing conflict
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Casualties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821) |
     Insurgents Army of the Three Guarantees |
Spanish Empire
|
Victory
|
+500,000 |
| Long Expedition (1819) |
.svg){kind=small} Spanish Empire (Until 1819) First Mexican Empire (From 1821) |
 Long Republic |
Victory
|
~5 (1821 expedition) |
| Texas–Indian Wars (1820–1875) |
Spain (until 1821) Mexico Republic of Texas (from 1836 to 1846) Choctaw Republic[10] United States Confederate States (from 1861–1865) |
Comanche Other Indigenous nations |
Victory |
1,394 |
| Spanish Attempts to Reconquer Mexico (1821–1829) |
First Mexican Empire (1821–23) Provisional Government (1823–24) First Mexican Republic (1824–29) |
Spanish Empire |
Victory
|
135 |
| Comanche–Mexico Wars (1821–1870) |
Mexico |
Comanche Kiowa Kiowa Apache |
Defeat
|
~6,000 |
| Apache–Mexico Wars (1600s–1915) Part of the Mexican Indian Wars and the American Indian Wars |
Kingdom of Spain (1600–1821) Mexico(1821–1915) Republic of Texas (1836–1846) United States (1850–1924) Confederate States (1861–1865) |
Apache | Victory
|
|
| Yaqui Wars (1533–1929) Part of the Mexican Indian Wars |
Crown of Castile (1533–1716) Spain(1716–1821)  Mexico(1821–1929) United States (1896–1918) |
Yaqui Yaqui Allies: |
Victory
|
|
| Mexican Indian Wars (1821–1933) |
Crown of Castile (1519–1716) Tlaxcalans and other Native Indian allies of Spain (1519–1821) Spain (1716–1823) Mexico(1821–1933)  Guatemala (1823–1933) Honduras (1823–1933) El Salvador (1823–1933)
|
Various Native Mexicans |
Victory | |
| Mexico |
|
Imperialist victory |
||
| Mexico |
El Salvador |
Victory
El Salvador is annexed to Mexico |
||
| Casa Mata Plan Revolution (1822–1823) |
Republicans |
First Mexican Empire |
Republican Victory | |
| Texas revolt (1823) |
Mexican Provisional Government |
Imperialists |
Provisional Government Victory | |
| Rebellion of Oaxaca (1823) |
Provisional Government of Mexico |
Oaxaca | Provisional Government Victory | |
| Rebellion of Guadalajara (1823) |
Provisional Government of Mexico |
Jalisco | Provisional Government Victory
|
|
| Rebellion of Puebla (1823) |
Provisional Government of Mexico |
Independents | Provisional Government Victory | |
| Revolt of Querétaro (1823) |
Provisional Government of Mexico |
Imperialists |
Provisional Government Victory | |
| Iturbidist uprising in Tepic (1824) |
Mexican Provisional Government |
Imperialists |
Provisional Government Victory | |
| Fredonian Rebellion (1826–1827) |
Mexico |
 Texian rebels |
Victory
|
|
| Conservative Coup (1829–1831) |
Conservatives |
Liberals |
Conservative Victory
|
|
| Zacatecas Rebellion (1835) |
Centralists |
 Zacatecan Rebels |
Centralist Victory
|
|
| Texas Revolution (1835–1836) |
Mexico |
Texas |
Inconclusive
| |
| Rebellion in Sonora and Sinaloa (1837-1839) |
Mexico |
 Federalists |
Victory
|
|
| First Franco–Mexican War (1838–1839) also known as the Pastry War |
Mexico |
France United Kingdom |
Defeat
|
|
| Federalist Revolt (Tabasco) (1839–1840) |
Mexico Tabasco centralists |
Tabasco federalists Texas Republic of Yucatán |
Defeat | |
| Rebellion of the Republic of the Rio Grande (1840) |
Mexico |
 Republic of the Rio Grande |
Victory
|
|
| Texan Santa Fe Expedition (1841–1842) |
Mexico |
Texas |
Victory | |
| Occupation of Soconusco | Mexico |
 Guatemala |
Victory
|
|
| Invasion of Yucatán (1842-1843) |
Mexico |
Republic of Yucatán Texas (Naval Battle of Campeche) |
Defeat | |
| Mexicans Invasions of 1842 (1842) |
Mexico |
Texas |
Defeat
|
|
| Capture of Monterey (1842) |
Mexico |
 United States |
Status quo ante bellum
|
|
| Mier Expedition (1842–1843) |
Mexico |
Texas |
Victory
|
|
| Texan raids on New Mexico (1843) | Mexico |
Texas |
Victory
|
|
| Mexican–American War (1846–1848) |
Mexico |
 United States California Texas |
Defeat
|
|
| Caste War of Yucatán (1847–1901) |
Mexico Yucatán Guatemala United Kingdom British Honduras |
Maya | Victory
|
|
| Rousset's Expeditions (1853-1854) |
Mexico |
 Filibusters |
Victory
|
|
| Expedition of William Walker to Baja California and Sonora (1853-1854) |
Mexico |
 Republic of Sonora Republic of Baja California |
Victory
|
|
| Revolution of Ayutla (1854–1855) |
Liberals |
Conservatives |
Liberal Victory
|
|
| Reform War (1857–1861) |
Liberals |
Conservatives |
Liberal Victory
|
|
| Cortina Troubles (1859–1861) |
Mexico United States Confederate States |
Cortinista Militia |
Victory
|
|
| Second Franco–Mexican War (1861–1867) |
Mexico |
French Empire Mexican Empire Austrian Empire Belgium Spain United Kingdom Egypt Eyalet Polish Revolutionaries |
Victory
|
|
| Victorio's War (1879–1881) |
 United States Mexico |
Apache | Victory
|
|
| Raid in Tuxtla Chico (1880) | Mexico |
Central American filibusters | Victory | |
| Barrios' War of Reunification (1885) |
 El Salvador Mexico Costa Rica Nicaragua |
 Guatemala Honduras |
Victory
|
|
| Garza Revolution (1891–1893) |
 Mexico United States |
Garzistas | Victory
|
|
| Mexican annexation of Clipperton Island (1897) |
Mexico |
France |
Victory
|
|
| Second Totoposte War (1903) |
El Salvador Mexico Guatemalan Exiles |
Guatemala |
Stalemate | |
| Third Totoposte War (1906) |
El Salvador Mexico Guatemalan Exiles |
Guatemala |
Stalemate | |
| Acayucan Rebellion
(1906) |
Mexican Government |
 Liberal Party of Mexico |
Government Victory |
|
| Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) |
Counter-Revolutionaries
|
Revolutionaries
|
Revolutionary Victory
|
|
| Border War (1910–1919) |
Mexico Germany |
United States |
Status quo ante bellum
|
|
| Magonista Rebellion (1911) |
Mexico |
Liberal Party of Mexico |
Victory
|
|
| Antichina Campaign
(1911–1934) |
Mexican Government |
 Asiatic migrants |
Stalemate
|
|
| Delahuertista Rebellion
(1923–1924) |
Mexican Government
|
Delahuertistas
|
Government Victory |
|
| Cristero War (1926–1929) |
Mexican Government |
 National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty |
Government Ceasefire
|
|
| Escobar Rebellion (1929) |
Mexican Government |
Escobar Rebels | Government Victory
|
|
| Saturnino Cedillo Rebellion
(1938) |
Mexican Government
Supported by: |
Cedillistas
|
Government Victory
|
|
| World War II (1942–1945) |
United States Soviet Union United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Brazil Mexico Panama Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Dominican Republic Cuba Chile Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Venezuela Uruguay Argentina |
 Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Slovakia Finland Thailand Manchukuo Mengjiang
| Victory
|
|
| Mexico–Guatemala Conflict (1958–1959) |
Mexico |
Guatemala |
Ceasefire
|
|
| Dirty War (1964–1982[11][12]) Part of the Cold War |
.svg){kind=small} Mexico
|
Far-left groups[11]
|
Government victory
After the conflict
|
|
| Zapatista Uprising (1994) Part of the Chiapas conflict |
Mexico
|
 EZLN |
Ceasefire between Mexican Military and EZLN
|
|
| Mexican drug war (2006–present) Part of the war on drugs |
|
Principal Mexican cartels:
Support: |
Ongoing |
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See also
Notes
- 1805, 1809, 1813–1815
- The term Austrian Empire came into use after Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of the French in 1804, by which Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor took the title Emperor of Austria (Kaiser von Österreich) in response. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806, and consequently Emperor of Austria became Francis' primary title. For this reason, Austrian Empire is often used instead of Holy Roman Empire for brevity's sake when speaking of the Napoleonic Wars, even though the two entities are not synonymous.
- Both Austria and Prussia briefly became allies of France and contributed forces to the French Invasion of Russia in 1812.
- 1806–1807, 1813–1815
- 1804–1807, 1812–1815
- Russia became an ally of France following the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807. The alliance broke down in 1810, which led to the French invasion in 1812. During that time Russia waged war against Sweden (1808–1809) and the Ottoman Empire (1806–1812), and nominally against Britain (1807–1812).
- 1808–1815
- Spain was an ally of France until a stealthy French invasion in 1808, then fought France in the Peninsular War.
- 1804–1809, 1812–1815
- Nominally, Sweden declared war against Great Britain after its defeat by Russia in the Finnish War (1808–1809).
- 1800–1807, 1809–1815
- 1807–1812
- The Ottoman Empire fought against Napoleon in the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria as part of the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Napoleonic era of 1803 to 1815, the Empire participated in two wars against the Allies: against Britain in the Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809) and against Russia in the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812). Russia was allied with Napoleon 1807–1810.
- 1813–1815
- 1815
- Hanover was in a personal union with Great Britain
- 1809
- The Kingdom of Hungary participated in the war with separate Hungarian regiments[6][7] in the Imperial and Royal Army, and also by a traditional army ("insurrectio").[8] The Hungarian Diet voted to join in war and agreed to pay one third of the war expenses.
- 1806–1807, 1813–1814
- Qajar dynasty fought against Russia from 1804 to 1813; the Russians were allied with Napoleon 1807–1812.
- 1806–1815
- Sicily remained in personal union with Naples until Naples became a French client-republic following the Battle of Campo Tenese in 1806.
- 1814
- From 1803 till 1806, when it became the Kingdom of Holland
- 1808–1813
- Sixteen of France's allies among the German states (including Bavaria and Württemberg) established the Confederation of the Rhine in July 1806 following the Battle of Austerlitz (December 1805). Following the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (October 1806), various other German states that had previously fought alongside the anti-French allies, including Saxony and Westphalia, also allied with France and joined the Confederation. Saxony changed sides again in 1813 during the Battle of Leipzig, causing most other member-states to quickly follow suit and declare war on France.
- Napoleon established the Duchy of Warsaw, ruled by the Kingdom of Saxony in 1807. Polish Legions had already been serving in the French armies beforehand.
- The French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Etruria in 1807.
- The French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Holland in 1810. Dutch troops fought against Napoleon during the Hundred Days in 1815.
- Naples, briefly allied with Austria in 1814, allied with France again and fought against Austria during the Neapolitan War in 1815.
- 1809–1813
- Denmark–Norway remained neutral until the Battle of Copenhagen (1807). Denmark was compelled to cede Norway to Sweden by the Treaty of Kiel in 1814. Following a brief Swedish campaign against Norway, Norway entered a personal union with Sweden.
- 1807–1814
- 1804–1807, 1812–1813
- 1803–1808