List of wars involving Sri Lanka

• Dutugamunu the Great

• Elara

• City of Vijithapura captured by Dutugamunu's army

• Gajabahu I

• Sena I

• Srimara Srivallabha

• Anuradhapura Sacked and plundered by the Pandya forces
• Battle of Mahatalita (circa 846–866 CE)
• The defeat at Mahatalita caused a temporary collapse of organized Sinhalese resistance, though the war eventually ended with a treaty where the Pandyas withdrew and restored the country.

• Maravarman Rajasimha II

Supported by:
Anuradhapura Kingdom

• Kassapa V

• Parantaka I

• The combined forces of the Pandyan army and the Sri Lankan expeditionary troops marched north to repel the Cholas.
• With his combined army utterly routed, King Rajasimha II fled to Sri Lanka in exile. He took the Pandya royal crown and sacred coronation insignia with him, leaving his treasury behind.
• Eventually moved to the Chera kingdom because his mother was a Chera princess, leaving his crown in the safekeeping of the Sri Lankan king.^[1]

• Udaya IV

• Parantaka I

• Parantaka I defeated the Sinhalese forces and sacked Anuradhapura, although he was unable to secure lasting control over the region.^[1]
• After their withdrawal, Udaya I's General Viduragga launched a counteroffensive into Chola territory, successfully compelling them to return property seized during their invasion.

• A decisive battlefield victory for the Cholas, resulting in the routing of Pandyan forces^[1]

• Following the Battle of Chevur a punitive naval invasion launched by Parantaka II to punish the Anuradhapura Kingdom for militarily backing the Pandyas
• A treaty was signed, establishing a fragile peace

• Pandyan Allies^{[citation needed]}

• Anuradhapura destroyed by Chola forces^[3][4]
• Polonnaruwa designated as the Chola administrative capital in Sri Lanka
• Rajarata annexed as a Chola province in 993
• Maya Rata and parts of Ruhuna annexed as a Chola Province in 1017^[5]

• Parakramabahu I

• Narathu

• Parakramabahu I

• Rival kingdoms abandon military intervention
• Kingdom of Polonnaruwa and Vira Pandya III control Rameshwaram until 1182
• Chola backed-faction occupies the majority of Pandya Nadu
• Pandya Nadu re-established

• Parakramabahu I

^[6]

• Parakramabahu I

• Narapatisithu

• The tensions and wars ended with a peace agreement in 1181

• Sahassa Malla

• Queen Kalyanavati

• The invasion completely overran the royal strongholds. Another historical record, the Bopitiya slab inscription, notes that the defense collapsed so swiftly that Queen Kalyanavati had to be physically carried away on the shoulders of her remaining guards to a safe hiding place. Queen Kalyanavati's reign ends.^[1]

• Dharmasoka
• General Āyasmanta

• Anikanga

• Anikanga put both the infant King Dharmasoka and the regent, General Ayasmanta, to death
• having wiped out the leadership, he seized the throne for himself, taking the title Anikanga Mahadipada, ruing for 17 days.^[1]

• Queen Lilavati

• Lokissara

• Led by a military chief named Lokissara, the invaders took advantage of the deeply fragmented Sinhalese defenses. They overran the capital of Polonnaruwa with minimal resistance. Lilavati was successfully deposed, and Lokissara seized the throne, ruling the region for roughly nine months.^[1]

• Queen Lilavati

• Parakrama Pandyan II

• The Pandyan King Parakrama Pandyan II invaded Sri Lanka from South India. His forces defeated Lilavati’s remaining defenders, permanently stripping her of power in 1212 CE. Following this defeat, Queen Lilavati completely disappeared from the historical record.^[1]

• Parakrama Pandyan II

• Kalinga Magha

• Magha’s forces sacked Polonnaruwa, tortured and deposed Parakrama Pandya II, and launched a campaign of widespread structural and cultural destruction. They heavily ransacked Buddhist monasteries, destroyed centuries of historical libraries, and forced the native Sinhalese nobility to permanently abandon the Rajarata basin. Magha established a tyrannical rule over the north that lasted over two decades.^[1]

• Parakramabahu II

• Chandrabhanu

• Parakramabahu II

• Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I

^[1][7]

• Parakramabahu II

• Chandrabhanu

• Parakramabahu II

• Jatavarman Vira Pandyan II

^[1][8]

• Parakramabahu II

• Jatavarman Vira Pandyan II

^[1][9]

• Bhuvanekabahu I

• Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I
  • Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan

• Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I sent an expedition to Sri Lanka under his minister Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan Aryacakravarti in the late 1270s, defeating Savakanmaindan, a tributary to the Pandyans on the Jaffna kingdom.
• This expedition plundered the fortress of Subhagiri (Yapahuwa) and returned with the Relic of the tooth of the Buddha.^[10][11]
• Bhuvanekabahu I's successor Parakramabahu III went on a personal embassy to Kulasekaran's court and persuaded him to return the relic.
• Jaffna kingdom was under Pandyan suzerainty for the next twenty years and only regained its independence during the Pandyan Civil war of 1308-1323 that followed Kulasekaran's death.^[12][13][1]

• Overthrow of Vira Alakesvara
• Ascension of Parakramabahu VI

• Jaffna kingdom captured by Kotte
• Parakramabahu VI appoints Prince Sapumal as representative of Kotte, who would reign for about 17 years

• Portuguese destruction of the Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara (~1575)

• Rajasinha II

Kingdom of France

• Jacob Blaquet de la Haye

• Dutch East India Company
  • Rijckloff van Goens

• French expelled from all occupied territories
• Expansion of Dutch Ceylon
• Offensives by Rajasinha II repelled

• Kirti Sri Rajasinha

• Dutch East India Company
  • Lubbert Jan van Eck

• Treaty of Batticaloa
• Dutch occupation of Kandy until the Treaty of Batticaloa
• All coastal regions ceded to the Dutch

• Vanni region liberated from Dutch rule

• Sri Vikrama Rajasinha

• Sri Vikrama Rajasinha

• End of the Kandyan monarchy

• Keppetipola Disawe
• Madugalle Nilame
• Ehelepola Nilame

 United Kingdom

• Robert Brownrigg

• Cape Boers

• Conquest and dissolution of the South African Republic and Orange Free State^[15][16]
• Treaty of Vereeniging
• The Boer republics are absorbed into the British Empire in accordance with the Treaty of Vereeniging.

and others ...

and others ...

• British Empire
  • British Ceylon
• France
• Poland
• Belgium
• Netherlands
• Luxembourg
• Czechoslovakia
•  Norway
• Kingdom of Greece
• Kingdom of Yugoslavia
• Soviet Union
• United States
•  Nepal
• Union of South Africa
• Brazil
• China

• Nazi Germany
• Kingdom of Italy
• Hungary
• Empire of Japan
• Kingdom of Bulgaria
• Croatia
• Kingdom of Romania
• Manchukuo
• Mengjiang
• Finland
• Thailand
• Vichy France

• Prince Tissa was not archknowledged universally as the Sinhalese king, remained as regent during the rebellion, which ended with the Battle of Labugamaka where with the aid of the Yakkhas and others, Pandukabhaya slew eight of his uncles who were against him.

• Led to Kandyan independence in 1469

• Weerasuriya revolt (1521)

• Conversion of Dharmapala (1557)
• Battle of Denipitiya (1557)
• Siege of Kotte (1557–1558)
• Battle of Mapitigama (1559)
• Battle of Mulleriyawa (1559)
• Siege of Kotte (1562–1565)
• Kandyan raid on the Seven Korales (1564)
• Fall of Kotte (1565)

• • • Battle of Balana (1582)
    • Revolt of Wijayakon Mudaliyar (1592)

Dutch East India Company (from 1638)

• End of the kingdoms of Kotte, Sitawaka, Jaffna and Raigama
• Establishment then destruction of Portuguese Ceylon
• Incorporation of parts of Kotte and Sitawaka into the Kingdom of Kandy
• Capture of Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Raigama and much of Sitawaka by the Dutch and the establishment of Dutch Ceylon

• British Ceylon

• Sri Lankan Coalition (from 15 May)
  • SLFP
  • CCP
  • LSSP

Military intervention:

• India
• Pakistan
• Soviet Union

• North Korea^[19][20][21]
• Albania (arms support)^[22]
• China (alleged)
• ASBPI^[23][24]
• CCP (Maoist) (alleged)

Diplomatic support:

• South Yemen^[25]

• Rebel leaders are captured and remaining members surrender
• Ceylonese government re-establishes control of the entire island
• Expulsion of North Korean diplomats
• JVP controls the Southern and Sabaragamuwa Provinces for several weeks

• Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam militarily defeated
• Sri Lankan government reestablishes control over the entire island
• Collapse of the Tamil Eelam de facto quasi-state
• Tamil National Alliance drops its demand for a separate Tamil state
• Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam established

• Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya
  • Patriotic People's Armed Troops

• Emergency conditions in Southwestern and Central provinces lifted
• Insurgency declines following the fall of the Eastern Bloc