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List of wars involving Sudan

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This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Sudan and its predecessors.

Kingdom of Kush (780 BC – 350 AD)

More information Conflict, Combatant 1 ...
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Kushite-Assyrian Wars
(673–663 BCE)		 Kingdom of Kush

Neo-Assyrian Empire Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt

 Defeat
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Kingdom of Makuria (5th century AD – late 15th century)

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Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
First battle of Dongola
(642)		 Kingdom of Makuria

 Rashidun Caliphate

 Victory
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More information Conflict, Combatant 1 ...
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Battle of Dongola
(1276)		 Kingdom of Makuria Mamluk Sultanate Defeat
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Funj Sultanate (1504–1841)

More information Conflict, Combatant 1 ...
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Battle of the Dindar River
(1744)[1]		 Funj Sultanate

 Ethiopia

 Victory
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Mahdist Sudan (1881–1899)

More information Conflict, Combatant 1 ...
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Mahdist rebellion
(1881–1885)		 Mahdist State  United Kingdom
 • British Raj India
 •  Egypt

 Italy[2]

 Victory
Mahdist War
(1881–1899)		 Mahdist State
Defeat
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Colonial Sudan (1898–1956)

More information Conflict, Combatant 1 ...
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Wad Habuba Revolt
(1908)		  United Kingdom
 • Anglo-Egyptian Sudan		 Mahdist rebels Victory
  • Al-Qadir leaves to Omdurman on a donkey[7]
  • Katifa bloodlessly recaptured by the British
  • Rebel attempts to recapture Katfia fail
Invasion of Darfur
(1916)		  United Kingdom
 • Anglo-Egyptian Sudan		 Sultanate of Darfur
Senussi State		 Victory
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Post-independence (from 1956)

More information Conflict, Combatant 1 ...
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
South Sudanese wars of independence
(1955–2005)		 Sudan Sudan

South Sudan South Sudan

 Stalemate[8]
First Sudanese Civil War
(1955–1972)		 United KingdomEgypt Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
(1955–1956)
Sudan Republic of the Sudan
(1956–1969)
SudanSudan Democratic Republic of the Sudan
(1969–1972)
Combat support:
Uganda
(Joint operations on Ugandan territory, 1965–1969)[9]
Libya Libyan Arab Republic
(From 1969 and combat involvement at least in 1970)[10]
Non-combat support:
United Arab Republic[10][11]
Soviet Union[12][11]
United Kingdom[11][13]
China[11][13]
Yugoslavia[11][13]
East Germany[11][13]
Czechoslovakia[13]
Saudi Arabia[13]
Libya Kingdom of Libya (until 1969)[13]
Algeria[13]
United States[14]
West Germany[14]		 SDF mutineers, bandits, and unaffiliated separatist militias
ALF (1965–1970)
Anyanya (from 1963)[15]
Israel (from 1969)[16][17][18]
Supported by:
Ethiopia[19][20]
Uganda (from about 1970)[19][17]
Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo-Léopoldville[21]
Kenya[19]
France[22]		 Stalemate
Lebanese Civil War
(1976–1979)		 Arab League ADF LF Withdrawal
Iran–Iraq War
(1982–1988)[23]		 Iraq Iraq
MEK
DRFLA
KDPI
Sudan		 Iran
KDP
PUK
Badr Brigades		 Stalemate
Second Sudanese Civil War
(1983–2005)		 Sudan Sudan

SSDF
SPLA dissidents

Nuer White Army
Uganda Ugandan insurgents:

Zaire (1994–1997)[28][29]
al-Qaeda (1991–1996)[30][31][irrelevant citation]
Iraq[a]
China[b]

Combat aid:
Libya (1986–1991)[35][36]
DR Congo (1998–2003)
Non-combat aid:
Iran[37]
Belarus (from 1996)[38][39]		 SPLA

SSLM
NDA
Sudanese Alliance Forces[41]
Anyanya II
Eastern Coalition
Derg (until 1987)[42]
PDR Ethiopia (1987–1991)[42]
Ethiopia FDR Ethiopia (1995–1998)[31]
Eritrea (1996–1998, 2002–2005)[43]
Uganda (from 1993)[44][45]
Non-combat aid:
Libya (1983–1985)[46][47]
Israel[48]
Cuba (until 1991)[49]

 Stalemate
First Congo War
(1996–1997)		 Zaire

Sudan[28]
Chad[50]
Rwanda Ex-FAR/ALiR
Interahamwe
CNDD-FDD[51]
UNITA[52]
ADF[53]
FLNC[54]
Supported by:
France
Central African Republic
China[55]
Israel[55]
Kuwait (denied)[55]

Mai-Mai[c]

 Democratic Republic of the Congo AFDL
Rwanda
Uganda[59]
Burundi[60]
Angola[60]
South Sudan SPLA[28]
Eritrea[61]
Supported by:
South Africa[62]
Zambia[63]
Zimbabwe[62]
Ethiopia[64]
Tanzania
United States (covertly)[65]

Mai-Mai[c]

 AFDL victory
War in Darfur
(2003–2020)		 Sudan

Chadian rebel groups[66]
Anti-Gaddafi forces (2011)[67]
Supported by:
Libya (2011–2020)[68]
China[69]
Iran (until 2016)[70]
Russia[71]
Belarus[72]
Syria (2000s, alleged)[73]

 SRF[d]
(2006–2020)
  • JEM (2003–2020)
  • SLA (some factions) (2003–2020)
  • LJM (2010–11)[e]

SLA (some factions)
SARC (2014–2020)
SLFA (2017–2020)[75]

  • SLA-Unity
  • SLMJ
  • JEM (Jali)

Supported by:
South Sudan[76]
Chad (2005–2010)[77]
Eritrea (until 2008)[78]
Libya (until 2011)[79]
Uganda (until 2015)[80]

United Nations UNAMID (2007–2020)

 Stalemate
Invasion of Anjouan
(2008)		 African Union

Supported by:

 Anjouan Victory
War in South Kordofan
(2011–2020)		 Sudan SRF (until 2020)

Alleged support:
Ethiopia[83]

 Stalemate
  • Comprehensive peace agreement signed between some rebel factions and the transitional government
  • Strongest rebel faction in South Kordofan and Blue Nile refused to sign peace deal
Heglig Crisis
(2012)		 Sudan South Sudan
JEM[7]
SPLM-N[7]		 Victory
  • South Sudanese withdrawal from Heglig
  • Agreement on borders and natural resources signed on 26 September[84]
Saudi-led intervention in Yemen
(2015–present)		 Yemen Hadi government
South Yemen Southern Movement
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Bahrain
South Korea
Kuwait
Qatar
Jordan
Morocco
Sudan
Egypt
Senegal		 Yemen Houthi government Ongoing
  • Houthis dissolve Yemeni government
  • Houthis take control of northern Yemen
Al-Fashaga conflict
(2020–2022)		 Sudan Amhara Region Amhara militias
Alleged:
Ethiopia
Eritrea[85]		 Sudanese military victory
Sudanese civil war

(2023–present)
Darfur Joint Protection Force
(from November 2023)
Egypt
Supported by:
Ukraine[92][93][94]
Turkey[95][96]
Iran[97][98]
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia[99]
Tamazuj (from August 2023)
Libyan National Army[101][102]
Desert Wolves[103]
Supported by:
United Arab Emirates[104][105][106][107]
Russia Wagner Group[108][109]
Chad Chad (alleged)[110]
SLM (al-Nur)[111]
SPLM-N (al-Hilu) (June 2023 – February 2025)		 Ongoing
Close

See also

Bibliography

First Sudanese Civil War:

  • Assefa, Hizkias. 1987. Mediation of Civil Wars, Approaches and Strategies – The Sudan Conflict. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
  • Eprile, Cecil. War and Peace in the Sudan, 1955 – 1972. David and Charles, London. 1974. ISBN 0-7153-6221-6.
  • Johnson, Douglas H. 1979. "Book Review: The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972 by Edgar O'Ballance". African Affairs 78 (310):132–7.
  • O'Ballance, Edgar. 1977. The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books. (Faber and Faber edition ISBN 0-571-10768-0).
  • Poggo, Scopas Sekwat. 1999. War and Conflict in Southern Sudan, 1955–1972. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.

Notes

  1. [a]
    Iraqi support for Sudan during the war mostly consisted of weapons shipments;[32] according to the South Sudanese, however, at least one unit of Iraqi paratroopers fought alongside the SAF near Juba. About 200 Iraqi soldiers were allegedly killed, and the site of their remains became known as "Jebel Iraqi".[33] The International Institute for Strategic Studies also stated that Iraqi forces fought alongside Sudanese government troops.[34]
  2. [b]
    Although China was not officially involved in the war, it sent troops to the country in order to protect oil fields and thereby aid the Sudanese military. China also provided Sudan with weaponry.[34]
  3. [c]
    Many Mai-Mai militias in eastern Zaire initially allied themselves with Rwanda and the AFDL against Hutu militants and refugees.[56] As soon as most Hutu were driven away, however, many Mai-Mai groups turned against Rwanda and the AFDL.[57] Despite this, some anti-Hutu Mai-Mai remained allied with Rwanda and the AFDL.[58]
  4. [d]
    Known as the National Redemption Front prior to 2011.
  5. [e]
    Signed the Doha Darfur Peace Agreement in 2011.[74]

References

Sources

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