Lists of Qing dynasty princes consorts
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The Qing dynasty developed a complicated system of ranks and titles. Princess's consort was granted a title of efu (Manchu:ᡝᡶᡠ; Chinese: 额驸; 額駙; éfù), meaning "imperial charioter". However, the title was not granted to the spouses of clanswoman (untitled princesses or daughters of low-ranking clansmen). An efu retained his title and privileges as long as the princess remained his primary spouse – even after her death. However, if an efu remarried or promoted another consort to be his primary spouse, he lost all rights obtained from his marriage to the princess.
The following alphabetical lists contains the efus recorded in the imperial genealogy. However, not all efus are mentioned because daughters of princes not adopted into the palace were not recorded in genealogy of the Aisin Gioro clan.
| Title | Translation | Title equivalent | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gurun efu | Prince Consort of the First Rank | Prince of the Fourth Rank | Above the rank |
| Heshuo efu[1] | Prince Consort of the Second Rank | Imperial duke | |
| Prince Consort of the Third Rank | Defender General | 1 | |
| Duoluo efu[2] | Prince Consort of the Fourth Rank | Bulwark General | 2 |
| Prince consort of the Fifth Rank | Supporter General | 3 | |
| Gushan efu | Prince Consort of the Sixth Rank | Grace General | 4 |
| Xiangjun efu | Prince Consort of the Seventh Rank | 5 |
List of princes consorts by the direct emperor's daughters
The list is constructed according to the imperial princesses being daughters of emperors and clans of the princes consorts.
Daughters of Taksi
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan of Prince Consort | Princess | Mother of princess | Issue | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NN | Changzhu (常住)[3] | Ulanara | First daughter (1558–1632) | Princess Jantai, lady Janggiya | Cambu (查木布)[4] | [5] |
| 1583 | Gahashan Hashu (噶哈善哈思虎; 1560–1584) | Irgen Gioro | Janhegu (沾河姑), Princess Jing'an of the Second Rank (和碩静安公主; d.23 October 1624) | Emeci, lady Hitara, Empress Xuan | ||
| 1585 | Yangshu (杨书)[6] | Gorolo | three sons, including Darhan | [7] |
Daughters of Nurhaci
Biological daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan of Prince Consort | Princess | Mother of princess | Issue | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1588 | Hohori (何和礼;1561–1624) | Donggo | Nenzhe,[8] Princess Duanzhuang of the First Rank (固伦端庄公主 嫩哲)[9] | Hahana Jacing, lady Tunggiya | 1.Dulei (杜雷)
2.Dojili (多济理) |
|
| NN | Yilaka (伊拉喀) | NN | Princess of the Second Rank, Yanzhe (和硕公主颜哲;1587-1646[10]) | Secondary consort, lady Irgen Gioro | [11] | |
| 1607 | Darhan (达尔汉;1590-1644)[12] | Gorolo | ||||
| 1601 | Urgudai | Nara clan | Mangguji (莽古济;1590-1636) | Gundei, lady Fuca | 1.Princess Consort Keqin of the Second Rank, wife of Yoto | |
| 1627 | Sodnom Dügüreng (索諾木杜棱/索诺木杜棱; d. 1644) | Aohan Borjigin | [13] | |||
| 1608 | Bujantai | Ulanara | Mukushen, Princess of the Second Rank(穆库什;1595-1659) | Zhenge, lady Giyamuhut Gioro | 6.Maomo'ergen (茂莫尔根)[14]
8.Gaduhun(噶都浑)[15] 10.Hongkuang (洪匡) |
|
| NN | Eidu | Niohuru | 8.Turgei
16.Ebilun 17.Sosohun Fiyanggu (died prematurely) 3.Wife of Nikan |
[16] | ||
| 1621 | Turgei | |||||
| 1608 | Daki (达启) | Fifth Daughter (1597–1613) | [17] | |||
| 1613 | Suna (苏纳/苏鼐) | Yehe Nara | Sixth Daughter (1600–1646) | 1.Suksaha | [18] | |
| 1619 | Ejai (鄂扎伊) | Nara clan | Lady of the Third Rank (1604–1685) | Mistress, lady Irgen Gioro | [19] | |
| 22.02.1625 | Gürbüshi (古爾布什/古尔布什; d. 1661) | Khalkha Borjigin | Princess of the Second Rank, Songgutu (和硕公主松古图;28 December 1612 – 1646) | Secondary consort, lady Yehe |
Adopted daughters and granddaughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan of Prince Consort | Princess | Background | Issue | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1617 | Enggeder (恩格德尔) | Khalkha Borjigin | Princess Duanshun of the Second Rank Sundai (和硕端顺公主孙岱,1590-1649) | Father:Šurhaci
Mother:Primary princess consort Zhuang, Lady Guwalgiya |
4.Erke Daicing (额尔克戴青)
5.Surha (素尔哈) |
[20] |
| 1626 | Aoba(奥巴)[18] | Khorchin Borjigin/ Tüsheet Khan | Princess of the Second Rank Zhunzhe (和硕公主肫哲) | Father:Tulun, Prince Kexi of the Third Rank
Mother:Princess Consort Kexi of the Third Rank, Lady Wanyan Paternal grandfather:Šurhaci Paternal grandmother:Primary princess consort Zhuang, Lady Guwalgiya |
1.Badali | |
| 1632 | Badali (巴大礼)[21] |
Daughters of Hong Taiji
Biological daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Mother | Issue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1633 | Bandi | Aohan Borjigin | Princess Aohan of the First Rank (敖汉固伦公主) | Lady Ula Nara | 1.Morgen Baturu Wenbu (摩尔根巴图鲁温布) | [22] |
| 1636 | Ejei Khan | Chahar Borjigin | Princess Wenzhuang of the First Rank (固伦温庄公主马喀塔;1625-1663) | Empress Xiaoduanwen | 1.Princess Consort Xianque of the First Rank (显悫亲王福晋) | [23] |
| 1645 | Abunai | 1.Princess Consort Zhuangjing of the First Rank (庄靖亲王福晋) | [24] | |||
| 1639 | Kitad (奇塔特,1620-1653) | Khorchin Borjigin | Princess Jingduan of the First Rank Dazhe (固伦靖端公主达哲) | 1.Prince of the Second Rank Erdeni | [10] | |
| 1641 | Birtakhar | Princess Yongmu of the First Rank Yatu (固伦雍穆公主雅图) | Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang | 1.Eqir | [25] | |
| 1643 | Surha (素尔哈) | Khalkha Borjigin | Princess Shuhui of the First Rank Atu (固伦淑慧公主阿图) | [26] | ||
| 1648 | Sabdan (色布腾) | Barin Borjigin | 1.Eqir (鄂齐尔)
2.Gelertu (格勒尔图) 3.Namuzha (那木札) | |||
| 1644 | Kuazha (夸札) | Irgen Gioro | Princess of the First Rank (固伦公主, 1633–1649) | Lady Jarud Borjigin | ||
| 1645 | Lamasi (喇玛思) | JarudBorjigin | Princess Shuzhe Duanxian of the First Rank (固伦淑哲端献公主) | Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang | ||
| Bayasihulang (巴雅斯户朗) | Khorchin Borjigin | Princess Yong'an Duanzhen of the First Rank (固伦永安端贞公主) | Empress Xiaoduanwen[18] | [27] | ||
| 1648 | Hashang (哈尚) | Borjigin | Ninth daughter (1635–1652) | Lady Jarud Borjigin | [28] | |
| 1651 | Huisai (辉塞) | Gūwalgiya | Lady of the Second Rank (1635–1661) | Lady Nara | ||
| 1647 | Garma Sodnam (噶爾瑪索諾木/噶尔马索诺木; d. 1663) | Abaga Borjigin | Princess Duanshun of the First Rank (固伦端顺公主) | Noble Consort Yijing, Namjung | ||
| 1651 | Bandi (班第) | Borjigin | Lady of the Third Rank (9 April 1637 – November/December 1678) | Lady Sayin Noyan | ||
| 1652 | Laha (拉哈) | Gūwalgiya | 13th daughter (16 August 1638 – May/June 1657) | Lady Nara | [29] | |
| 9.10.1653 | Wu Yingxiong | Wu | Princess Kechun of the Second Rank Ajige (和硕恪纯公主阿济格;7 January 1642 – 1704) | Lady Chahar Cilei |
|
Adopted daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Background | Issue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1628 | Manzhuxili | Khorchin Borjigin | Princess of the Second Rank | Father: Yoto
Mother: Princess Consort Keqin of the Second Rank, lady Nara |
1.Princess Consort Chengzeyu of the First Rank | [30] |
Daughters of the Shunzhi Emperor
Biological daughter
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Mother | Issue | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| February/March 1667 | Na'erdu (纳尔杜) | Gūwalgiya | Princess Gongque of the Second Rank (和硕恭悫公主,19 January 1654 – 26 November 1685) | Lady Yang, Mistress | [31] |
Adopted daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Background | Issue | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1660 | Shang Zhilong | Shang | Princess Heshun of the Second Rank (和硕和顺公主, 8 October 1648 – 25 January 1691) | Father: Šose
Mother: Princess Consort Chengzeyu of the First Rank, lady Nara |
[32] | |
| 30.11.1663 | Geng Juzhong | Geng | Princess Roujia of the Second Rank (和硕柔嘉公主, 11 June 1652 – 23 August 1673) | Father: Yolo
Mother: Princess Consort Anhe of the First Rank |
|
[33] |
| 14.10.1670 | Bandi[34] | Khorchin Borjigin | Princess Duanmin of the First Rank (固伦端敏公主, 5 August 1653 - 14 June 1729) | Father: Jidu
Mother: Princess Consort Jianchun, lady Khorchin Borjigin |
|
[35] |
Daughters of the Kangxi Emperor
Biological daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan of the Prince Consort | Princess | Mother | Issue | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1691 | Urgun (乌尔衮) | Barin Borjigin | Princess Rongxian of the First Rank (固伦荣宪公主,1673-1728) | Consort Rong (荣妃), of the Magiya clan[36] |
|
[37] |
| November 1692 | Ga'erzang (噶尔藏) | Harqin Ulanghan clan | Princess Duanjing of the Second Rank (和硕端静公主,1674-1710) | Noble Lady Bu (布贵人), of the Joogiya clan | [38] | |
| 1697 | Dondob Dorji (敦多布多爾濟/敦多布多尔济; d. 1743) | Khalkha Borjigin | Princess Kejing of the First Rank (固伦恪靖公主, 4 July 1679 – March/April 1735) | Noble Lady, of the Gorolo clan | 1.First daughter (died prematurely)[39]
1.Genzapudorji (根扎普多尔济) |
[40] |
| 1700 | Shun'anyan (舜安颜, d.1724) | Tunggiya[41] | Princess Wenxian of the First Rank (固伦温宪公主; 10 November 1683 – August/September 1702) | Empress Xiaogongren, of the Uya clan | [42] | |
| July 1706 | Tsering (策棱/策棱; d. 1750) | Khakha Borjigin | Princess Chunque of the First Rank (固伦纯悫公主; 20 March 1685 – 22 April 1710) | Concubine Tong, Yanjimai, lady Ulanara (通嫔乌拉那拉氏檐吉迈)[43] | 1.Subashili (苏巴什礼) | [44] |
| August 1706 | Cangjin (苍津) | Onnigud Borjigin | Princess Wenke of the Second Rank (和硕温恪公主; 31 December 1687 – 27 July 1709)[45] | Imperial Noble Consort Jingmin, of the Janggiya clan |
|
[46] |
| 1706 | Sun Chengyun (孙承云, d.1719) | Sun | Princess Quejing of the Second Rank (和硕悫靖公主; 16 January 1690 – 1736) | Noble Lady, of the Yuan clan (贵人袁氏)[47] | 1.Sun Wufu (孙五福) | [48] |
| January 1709 | Dorji (多尔济) | Khorchin Borjigin | Princess Dunke of the Second Rank (和硕敦恪公主; 3 February 1691 – 2 January 1710)[45] | Imperial Noble Consort Jingmin, of the Janggiya clan[37] |
|
Adoptive daughters and granddaughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Background | Issue | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1690 | Bandi (班第) | Khorchin Borjigin | Princess Chunxi of the First Rank (固伦纯禧公主,28 December 1671 – 13 January 1742) | Father: Changning
Mother:Mistress, lady Jin |
1.Sailengnamuzha'er (塞楞納穆扎爾/塞楞纳穆扎尔) | [49] |
| June 1720 | Alabudan | Tumed | Princess of the Third Rank | Father: Yunreng
Mother: Lady Guwalgiya |
||
| before 1740 | Abao (阿宝) | Alxa Borjigin | Princess Daokexin of the Third Rank (道恪欣郡主) | Father: Boguoduo
Mother: Princess Consort Zhuangjing of the First Rank, lady Chahar Borjigit |
|
[50] |
Daughters of the Yongzheng Emperor
Biological daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Mother | Issue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1712 | Xingde (星德) | Nara clan | Princess Huaike of the Second Rank (和碩懷恪公主; 15 August 1695 – April/May 1717) | Consort Qi | [51][52] |
Adopted daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Background | Issue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1726 | Janggimboo (观音保) | Khorchin Borjigin | Princess Shushen of the Second Rank (和硕淑慎公主) | Father: Yunreng
Mother: Secondary crown princess, lady Tanggiya[53] |
|
[54] |
| 6.12.1729 | Dorji Septeng | Khalkha Borjigin | Princess Hehui of the Second Rank (和硕和惠公主) | Father: Yinxiang, Prince Yi
Mother: Princess Consort Yixian of the First Rank, lady Joogiya |
|
|
| 1731 | Chimed Dorji (齐默特多尔济) | Khorchin Borjigin | Princess Duanrou of the Second Rank (和碩端柔公主; 13 April 1714 – 23 January 1755), | Father:Yunlu
Mother:Princess Consort Zhuangke of the First Rank, lady Gorolo |
[55] |
Daughters of the Qianlong Emperor
Biological daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Mother | Issue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1746 | Septeng Baljur | Khorchin Borjigin | Princess Hejing of the First Rank (1731-1792) | Empress Xiaoxianchun | 1.Princess Consort of the Fourth Rank, wife of Miande
2. NN 3.Wife of Jikejizhabu (济克济札布) of the Aohan Borjigin clan 4.Wife of Fengshenjilun (丰神吉伦) of the Fuca clan 1.Eleke Temur Erke Babai (厄勒克特穆尔额尔克巴拜) |
[56] |
| 10.05.1760 | Fulong'an (福隆安) | Fuca clan | Princess Hejia of the Second Rank (和硕和嘉公主,24 December 1745 – 29 October 1767) | Imperial Noble Consort Chunhui | 1.Fengshenjilun (丰神吉伦)
2.Fengshenguolemin (丰神果勒敏) |
[57] |
| 1770 | Lhawang Dorji (拉旺多尔济)[58] | Khalkha Borjigin | Princess Hejing of the First Rank | Empress Xiaoyichun | [59] | |
| 1771 | Jalantai (扎兰泰) | Uya | Princess Heke of the Second Rank[60] | 1.Wife of Rinchen Dorji (林沁多尔济) | [61] | |
| 12.01.1790 | Fengshenyinde | Niohuru | Gurun Princess Hexiao | Consort Dun | 1.Fu'en (弗恩) - adopted | [62] |
Adopted daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Background | Issue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13.01.1751 | Deleke (德勒克, d.1794) | Barin Borjigin | Princess Hewan of the Second Rank (和碩和婉公主; 24 July 1734 – 2 May 1760) | Father: Hongzhou, Prince He
Mother: Princess Consort Hegong of the First Rank, lady Ujaku |
1.Princess Consort Lu of the Second Rank, wife of Mianhui | [63] |
Daughters of the Jiaqing Emperor
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Mother | Issue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24.12.1801 | Sodnamdorji (索特納木多布濟/索特纳木多尔济; d. 1825) | Khorchin Borjigin | Princess Zhuangjing of the Second Rank (和硕庄敬公主; 30 January 1782 – 4 April 1811) | Imperial Noble Consort Heyu |
|
[64] |
| 1802 | Manibadala | Tumed Borjigin | Princess Zhuangjing of the First Rank (固伦庄静公主; 20 October 1784 – 27 June 1811) | Empress Xiaoshurui | [65] |
Daughters of the Daoguang Emperor
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan | Princess | Mother | Issue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15.11.1841 | Demchugjab (德穆楚克扎布, d.1865) | Naiman Borjigin | Gurun Princess Shou'an (固伦寿安公主;12 May 1826 – 24 March 1860) | Empress Xiaoquancheng[66] | Son:
|
[67] |
| 3.01.1843 | Enchong (恩崇) | Namdulu | Princess Shouzang of the First Rank (寿臧和硕公主; 15 November 1829 – 9 August 1856) | Consort Xiang[68] | Son:
|
[69] |
| June 1845 | Jingshou (景寿) | Fuca clan | Princess Shou'en of the First Rank (寿恩固伦公主; 20 January 1831 – 15 May 1859)[70] | Empress Xiaojingcheng | Sons:
Daughters:
|
[71] |
| 1863 | Jalafungga (扎拉丰阿) | Niohuru | Princess Shouxi of the First Rank (寿禧和硕公主; 7 January 1842 – 10 September 1866) | Noble Consort Tong | [43] | |
| 1859 | Dehui (德徽, d. 1859) | Bolot | Princess Shouzhuang of the First Rank (壽莊固倫公主; 24 March 1844 – 11 March 1884) | Imperial Noble Consort Zhuangshun | Son:
|
[72] |
Daughters of the Xianfeng Emperor
Biological daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan of the Prince Consort | Princess | Mother | Issue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1873 | Fuzhen | Gūwalgiya | Gurun Princess Rong'an | Imperial Noble Consort Zhuangjing | 1.Miscarriage | [73] |
Adoptive daughters
| Year | Prince Consort | Clan of the Prince Consort | Princess | Background | Issue | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 October 1866 | Zhiduan | Fuca clan | Princess Rongshou of the First Rank (榮壽固倫公主; 28 February 1854 – 1924) | Father : Yixin, Prince Gong
Mother: Youlan scholar, Princess Consort Gongzhong of the First Rank |
[74] |