Ljubljana graph
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| Ljubljana graph | |
|---|---|
 The Ljubljana graph as a covering graph of the Heawood graph | |
| Vertices | 112 |
| Edges | 168 |
| Radius | 7 |
| Diameter | 8 |
| Girth | 10 |
| Automorphisms | 168 |
| Chromatic number | 2 |
| Chromatic index | 3 |
| Properties | Cubic Semi-symmetric Hamiltonian |
| Table of graphs and parameters | |
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Ljubljana graph is an undirected bipartite graph with 112 vertices and 168 edges, rediscovered in 2002 and named after Ljubljana (the capital of Slovenia).[1][2]
It is a cubic graph with diameter 8, radius 7, chromatic number 2 and chromatic index 3. Its girth is 10 and there are exactly 168 cycles of length 10 in it. There are also 168 cycles of length 12.[1]
The Ljubljana graph is Hamiltonian and can be constructed from the LCF notation : [47, −23, −31, 39, 25, −21, −31, −41, 25, 15, 29, −41, −19, 15, −49, 33, 39, −35, −21, 17, −33, 49, 41, 31, −15, −29, 41, 31, −15, −25, 21, 31, −51, −25, 23, 9, −17, 51, 35, −29, 21, −51, −39, 33, −9, −51, 51, −47, −33, 19, 51, −21, 29, 21, −31, −39]2.
The Ljubljana graph is the Levi graph of the Ljubljana configuration, a quadrangle-free configuration with 56 lines and 56 points.[1] In this configuration, each line contains exactly 3 points, each point belongs to exactly 3 lines and any two lines intersect in at most one point.
Algebraic properties
The automorphism group of the Ljubljana graph is a group of order 168. It acts transitively on the edges the graph but not on its vertices: there are symmetries taking every edge to any other edge, but not taking every vertex to any other vertex. Therefore, the Ljubljana graph is a semi-symmetric graph, the third smallest possible cubic semi-symmetric graph after the Gray graph on 54 vertices and the Iofinova-Ivanov graph on 110 vertices.[3]
The characteristic polynomial of the Ljubljana graph is
