Local flood theory

The local flood interpretation of Noah's flood became accepted by many Christians after 19th century scientific findings.^{[citation needed]} The view was defended by 19th century Scottish geologist Charles Lyell, in his book Principles of Geology (1833), where he concluded that the Genesis flood must have been a regional affair and not a global deluge.^[2]

Young Earth Creationist organizations such as Answers in Genesis and the Institute for Creation Research have criticized a local flood theory as faulty exegesis; they state that the Genesis flood covered the whole of the earth.^[4][6]

Some Old Earth creationists reject flood geology,^[7][8] a position which leaves them open to accusations that they thereby reject the inerrancy of Scripture.^[9] In response, Old Earth creationists cite verses in the Bible where the words "whole" and "all" clearly require a contextual interpretation.^[10] For example, Old Earth creationist Hugh Ross has defended the local flood theory; he promotes the view in his book, Navigating Genesis.^[3][11]

There exists geological evidence that a large local flood happened in ancient Mesopotamia; recent studies have shown that there is some geographic evidence supporting the possibility of a large flood originating in the Black Sea either caused by an inflow of water from the Mediterranean or a flood during the late glacial period connecting black and Mediterranean Sea.^[12] Additionally, extra-biblical writings from ancient Mesopotamia like Atra-Hasis and the Epic of Gilgamesh also feature catastrophic flooding, substantiating the claim that such a flood could have been the event that inspired these narratives.^[13][14]