Lotterberg

The hill is composed of basalt that fills the neck of a now-extinct volcano. The volcanic activity was during the Miocene (Neogene), that is it started 20 million years ago and ended 7 million years ago. This volcano was one of many in the West Hesse Depression.^[1] The alkali basalt has a silica (SiO₂) volume percentage of 45–55%.^[2] The main minerals in the rock are plagioclase, augite and olivine.

On the west side of the Lotterberg is a deposit of loess, which formed after the last Quaternary glaciation.

Lotterberg is covered by a mixed forest and is used for forestry. The rare Turk's cap lily grows on the summit. The plant is protected under German conservation law.

There is evidence that the area around Lotterberg was populated at least from the Late Paleolithic onwards, as has been shown for the Felsberg area in general, e.g. by the existence of the Rhünda Skull. A single find of an asymmetrical, facetted, Neolithic axe on Lotterberg collaborates this.

In 1921 the Hessische Landesamt für Bodendenkmal (Hessian county office for ground monuments) opened up a number of tumuli of Funnelbeaker culture age (c. 4300 BC–c. 2800 BC) in the area around Amselholz (see below). Above the normal soil layer was a very stony layer. The graves were filled with pure sand. Two spotted flintstones were found.

An urnfield of possibly Bronze Age has been found on Lotterberg. In addition, there was probably an Iron Age settlement on Lotterberg from the 4th to the 1st centuries BC. Remains of the settlement cannot be found, but archeologists have found a large number of Iron Age pottery fragments. They are layered and contain grains of quartz. The pieces of ceramic are coloured either yellow or grey-brown. A Roman mortarium was also found on Lotterberg.

In 1929, the American–British poet W. H. Auden traveled from Berlin to Marburg via Kassel. In his poem 1929, the hill-top he mentions is Lotterberg, as part of the Gudensberger Basaltkuppenlandschaft (basalt hill landscape of Gudensberg).^[3]

The 'Amselhof' (blackbird courtyard), also known as 'Hof zur Amsel' (courtyard to (the) blackbird), is a free-standing farm, which was once a guesthouse, on the eastern side of Lotterberg, on the edge of the forest. A mediaeval ridgeway that passed by Amselhof on the way to Kassel does not exist anymore.

In 1539 the term Amenschebnborg was first mentioned in a Kassel register, the Kasseler Salbuch, as part of Wolfenhausen's arable land. Amselburg is mentioned in 1558 to be on Lotterberg. The forest that belonged to Amselhof, Amselwald, is ascribed in 1579 as being used by villagers from Haldorf. In the archives of Marburg the 1694 cadastre for Wolfershausen and the related map of the village from 1688 does not show Amselhof, but it mentions that the oldest building of the guesthouse were built between 1694 and 1748. To begin with the guesthouse is mentioned, but not named in the cadastre from this time. At the end of the 17th century, the land lot is referred to as Amselburg.

The present-day half-timbered house with sandstone foundations was constructed by master craftsman Johann Hermann Alheit in 1776 from the wood of the previous house. Above the door, on the righthand oak beam, there is carving of a blackbird on a branch (see image on the right). In the first half of the 18th century Johannes Umbach ran a guesthouse at the Amselhof. In 1932 Konrad Dittmar took over the 27 morgen [approx. 15 ha] of arable and forestland at Amselhof and later passed it on to his son, Karl Dittmar. At the Amselhof, up until the 1970s, one felt one was back in the 19th century, because there was no electricity, running water, or telephone. Instead, the inhabitants of Amselhof used paraffin lamps in the evenings.

The Amselhof was the setting for the book Das rote Haus – eine Erzählung aus Hessen (The red house — a story from Hesse), written in 1933 by Wilhelm Ide (born 18 February 1887 in Kassel; diede 18 July 1963 in Marburg).^[4]