Lubarika

Lubarika was traditionally inhabited by Fuliiru people.^[7] In the 1940s, during the Belgian colonial era, Lubarika was popular due to its mild climate and being a cotton-growing region based mainly on forced labour that spanned from Ruzizi Plain and reached as far as south, north and west areas of the Belgian Congo.^[8][9][10]

At the commencement of the First Congo War, on 18 October 1996, Lubarika was attacked by the AFDL (Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre), the APR, and the FAB (Forces Armées Burundaises). Thousands of Rwandan refugees as well as Zairian civilians were killed in Lubarika when AFDL attacked Zaire from neighboring Uganda and Rwanda. Among these refugees were a large number of women and children, ex-FAR/Interahamwe soldiers, who had just been defeated, and political and administrative authorities who supervised the Rwandan Genocide.^[11] Many Rwandan refugees, as well as Zairian civilians, fled the village as AFDL troops were on a rampage of killing anyone in sight. Those who attempted entry into Kakumbukumbu, a village five kilometers from Lubarika, were captured and killed by AFDL troops.^[12]

After the massacres against Rwandan refugees and Zairian civilians during the First and Second Congo Wars, several articles and international academic research have been devoted to the mass violence against Rwandan refugees and Congolese civilians. These scholarly research and data led the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to write and publish a report entitled "Mapping Report" on the "most serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law committed within the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between March 1993 and June 2003".^[13][14][11]