Lukeino Formation

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Geologic formation in Kenya

Sub-units

Aragai Member
Cheboit Member
Kabogongoi Member
Kapcharar Member
Kapsomin Member

UnderliesKaparaina Basalts and Toluk Beds

OverliesKabarnet Trachyte and Mpesida Beds

Lukeino Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Miocene, Messinian, ~6.1–5.8 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ ^[1]
Type	Geological formation
Sub-units	Aragai Member Cheboit Member Kabogongoi Member Kapcharar Member Kapsomin Member
Underlies	Kaparaina Basalts and Toluk Beds
Overlies	Kabarnet Trachyte and Mpesida Beds
Lithology
Primary	Clay and loam^[2]
Other	Volcanic ash, carbonates and diatomites^[2]
Location
Region	Baringo County
Country	Kenya
Extent	Tugen Hills, Kenya

The Lukeino Formation is a geologic formation located in Kenya and it dates to the Late Miocene (Messinian).^[1]

The Lukeino Formation is believed to have been formed through continued tectonic plate activity, and it was located within a well-forested region^[3] that was located nearby to Paleolake Lukeino.^[2]

From 1971 to 1978, Martin Pickford had carried out extensive research in the Tugen Hills under a permit issued by the Kenyan Office of the President.

In 1974, Pickford found the first hominid fossil from the Lukeino Formation, a lower molar, which is included within the holotype of Orrorin tugenensis.^[1] The rest of the holotype was found by Pickford and Brigitte Senut in 2000.^[4]

Pierre & Pickford (2006) described eight hundred new micromammal fossils from the Kapsomin Member were described.^[5]

Altner & Reichenbacher (2015) named the first fish from Paleolake Luekino: Kenyaichthys kipkechi.^[6]

A P4 discovered at the Lukeino Formation has been proposed to belong to an amphicyonid by Morales et al. (2016), as both its age and dimensions are similar to Bonisicyon.^[7]

Until the mid-1990s, only a few partial remains of cercopithecoideans were known from the Lukeino Formation, and then after surveys were conducted from 1998 onwards by the Kenya Palaeontology Expedition led to the discovery of new material within the Aragai Member,^[8] a site situated in the lower levels of the Lukeino Formation. Most of the collection consists of craniodental specimens generally well-preserved in a hard matrix but there are three postcranial bones. As a result of this discovery, a new species was described by Kipkech et al. (2022): Sawecolobus lukeinoensis.^[8]

Paleofauna

Abudhabia tateroides^[5]
Aepyceros^[3]
Amphicyonidae indet. (= cf. Bonisicyon)^[7]
Anancus^[3]
Apodecter aequatorialis^[5]
Cephalophinae indet.^[3]
Chalicotheriidae indet.^[3]
Chamtwaria sp.^[5]
Crocidura kapsominensis^[5]
Deinotherium^[3]
Dendrohyrax^[3]
Dendromus sp.^[5]
Diceros^[3]
Elephantulus sp.^[5]
Erinaceidae indet.^[5]
Galagidae indet.^[5]
Kenyaichthys kipkechi^[6]
Lukeinomys cheptumoae^[5]
Hominoidea indet.^[3]
Hyemoschus^[3]
Hystrix sp.^[5]
Muridae indet.^[5]
Myotis sp.^[5]
Nandinia^[3]
Orrorin tugenensis^[1]^[4]
Paraulacodus sp.^[5]
Pedetidae indet.^[5]
Petromus cf. antiquus^[5]
Preacomys cf. griffini^[5]
Preacomys cf. kikiae^[5]
Rousettus sp.^[5]
Saccostromus cf. geraadsi^[5]
Saidomys alisae^[5]
Sawecolobus lukeinoensis.^[8]
Serengetilagus sp.^[5]
Suidae indet.^[3]
Steatomys cf. intermedius^[5]
Steatomys minus^[5]
Suncus sp.^[5]
?Taphozous sp.^[5]

References

1 2 3 4 Pickford, M. (1975). "Late Miocene sediments and fossils from the Northern Kenya Rift Valley". Nature. 256 (5515): 279–284. Bibcode:1975Natur.256..279P. doi:10.1038/256279a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4149259.
1 2 3 Dericquebourg, Perrine; Person, Alain; Ségalen, Loïc; Pickford, Martin; Senut, Brigitte; Fagel, Nathalie (2015). "Environmental significance of Upper Miocene phosphorites at hominid sites in the Lukeino Formation (Tugen Hills, Kenya)". Sedimentary Geology. 327: 43–54. Bibcode:2015SedG..327...43D. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.07.005. ISSN 0037-0738.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pickford, Martin; Senut, Brigitte; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile (2004). "Early Pliocene Tragulidae and peafowls in the Rift Valley, Kenya: evidence for rainforest in East Africa". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 3 (3): 179–189. Bibcode:2004CRPal...3..179P. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2004.01.004. ISSN 1631-0683.
1 2 Senut, Brigitte; Pickford, Martin; Gommery, Dominique; Mein, Pierre; Cheboi, Kiptalam; Coppens, Yves (2001). "First hominid from the Miocene (Lukeino Formation, Kenya)". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science. 332 (2): 137–144. Bibcode:2001CRASE.332..137S. doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(01)01529-4. S2CID 14235881.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Mein, Pierre; Pickford, Martin (2006). "Late Miocene micromammals from the Lukeino Formation (6.1 to 5.8 Ma), Kenya". Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon (in French). 75 (4): 183–223. doi:10.3406/linly.2006.13628. ISSN 0366-1326.
1 2 Altner, Melanie; Reichenbacher, Bettina (2015-04-29). "†Kenyaichthyidae fam. nov. and †Kenyaichthys gen. nov. – First Record of a Fossil Aplocheiloid Killifish (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes)". PLOS ONE. 10 (4) e0123056. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023056A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123056. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4414574. PMID 25923654.
1 2 Morales, Jorge; Pickford, M.; Valenciano, Alberto (2016). "Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia)". Journal of Iberian Geology. 42 (2): 131–150. doi:10.13039/501100003329. hdl:10261/137042. ISSN 1698-6180.
1 2 3 Gommery, Dominique; Senut, Brigitte; Pickford, Martin; Nishimura, Takeshi D.; Kipkech, Joseph (2022-04-21). "The Late Miocene colobine monkeys from Aragai (Lukeino Formation, Tugen Hills, Kenya)". Geodiversitas. 44 (16). doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a16. ISSN 1280-9659.

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