Born in Nanyang, Henan, Lü studied economics at Nankai University, where he obtained bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in urban economics. After completing his studies, he began his career in 1998 in the General Office of the Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, where he successively served in various positions, including section chief, deputy director, and director of comprehensive divisions.[3]
Lü rose through the ranks in Shenzhen, later serving as deputy secretary-general and director of the General Office of the municipal party committee. He subsequently held leading positions at the district level, including deputy party secretary and district mayor of Longgang, and later party secretary of Pingshan and Futian districts.[2] During this period, he was also active in youth affairs, serving as a vice chairman of the Shenzhen Youth Federation.[4]
In 2019, Lü was appointed deputy party secretary of Zhaoqing and acting mayor, later becoming mayor of the city. He was subsequently promoted to party secretary of Zhaoqing, concurrently serving as chairman of the city's People's Congress Standing Committee.[5] In late 2021, he was transferred to Zhuhai as party secretary and concurrently served as secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Committee's Hengqin Working Committee.[6]
In 2023, Lü was appointed vice governor of Guangdong Province.[7] In June 2023, he was transferred to the central authorities and appointed deputy director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Macau Special Administrative Region.[8]