M33 (gene)
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M33 is a gene.[1] It is a mammalian homologue of Drosophila Polycomb.[1] It localises to euchromatin within interphase nuclei, but it is enriched within the centromeric heterochromatin of metaphase chromosomes.[1] In mice, the official symbol of M33 gene styled Cbx2 and the official name chromobox 2 are maintained by the MGI. Also known as pc; MOD2. In human ortholog CBX2, synonyms CDCA6, M33, SRXY5 from orthology source HGNC. M33 was isolated by means of the structural similarity of its chromodomain.[2] It contains a region of homology shared by Xenopus and Drosophila in the fifth exon. [3] Polycomb genes in Drosophila mediate changes in higher-order chromatin structure to maintain the repressed state of developmentally regulated genes .[4][5] It may also involved in the campomelic syndrome and neoplastic disorders linked to allele loss in this region.[6] Disruption of the murine M33 gene, displayed posterior transformation of the sternal ribs and vertebral columns .[7]
The mouse M33 gene is located on the Chromosome 11, from base pair 119,022,962 to base pair 119,031,270 (Build GRCm38/mm10). Human homolog of M33, Chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2 ) is located on Chromosome 17, from base pair 79,777,188 to base pair 79,787,650(Build GRCh38.p2).
Protein structure
This protein contains Chromo (CHRromatin Organization MOdifier) domain and nuclear localization signal motif.[8] The full-length M33 sequence encodes a 519 amino acid (aa) protein.[2]