Maamme
National anthem of Finland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Maamme" (Finnish: [ˈmɑːmːe]), known by its original Swedish title as "Vårt land" (Finland Swedish: [ˈvoːrt ˈlɑnːd]) and in English as "Our Land", is the de facto national anthem of Finland.[1][2] The music was composed by the German immigrant Fredrik Pacius, with original Swedish lyrics by Johan Ludvig Runeberg. It was first performed on 13 May 1848.[3] Originally, it was written for the 500th anniversary of Porvoo, and for that occasion it was Runeberg himself who wrote the music.
| English: 'Our Land' | |
|---|---|
 The first stanza of "Maamme" from the Finnish translation of The Tales of Ensign Stål | |
National anthem of Finland | |
| Also known as | "Vårt land" (English: 'Our Land') |
| Lyrics | Johan Ludvig Runeberg, 1848 |
| Music | Fredrik Pacius, 1848 |
| Adopted | 1917 |
| Audio sample | |
U.S. Navy Band instrumental rendition in B-flat major | |
The melody of "Maamme" is also used for two other anthems: the Estonian anthem "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm" ("My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy")[4] and the Livonian anthem "Min izāmō" ("My Fatherland").
History
The original poem, written in 1846 but not printed until 1848, had 11 stanzas and formed the prologue to the verse cycle The Tales of Ensign Stål ("Fänrik Ståhls sägner"), a classic example of Romantic nationalism. The current Finnish language text is usually attributed to the 1889 translation of Ensign Stål by Paavo Cajander, but in fact, originates from the 1867 translation by Julius Krohn.[5][6]
In the 1880s and the 1920s, there were more attempts to replace it with a Finnish language version but these ceased by the 1930s.[7] Some Finns have proposed that the Finnish national anthem be set as "Finlandia" by Jean Sibelius,[8] with lyrics by V.A. Koskenniemi (Finnish) and Joel Rundt (Swedish).
It is said that Pacius composed the tune in four days. It was popular throughout the 19th century but established its current position only after Pacius' death.[9]
Status and usage
There is no law regarding an official national anthem in Finland, in the way the coat of arms and flag of Finland are legally defined. Instead, its position has been established gradually by convention over the years.[4] In 2018, "Maamme" was described by the Government of Finland as the "Finnish national anthem".[10]
Even though "Maamme" has become established as the de facto anthem, its status has still been debated from time to time.[11] It has been suggested that the status of "Maamme" as the national anthem should be legalised. For example, opposing legislative initiatives were made in 2003 by the Finnish Parliament to make "Maamme" and the Finlandia Hymn the official national anthem.[12][13] In 2014, there was a citizens' initiative about choosing the Finlandia Hymn as the national anthem,[14] and in 2016 members of the National Coalition Party began campaigning to stop using "Maamme" in favour of the Finlandia Hymn, however, opinions were not unanimous in the party,[15] and the campaign fell short of its goal.[16]
Despite the lack of official status, in usage, "Maamme" fills the function of a national anthem in the same way as in many other countries. For example, it is played during state visits,[17] and used to represent Finland at international sporting fixtures.[18]
Through the late months of 1993, an instrumental version of Maamme was used as the entrance theme in WWF for wrestler Ludvig Borga.[19]
Lyrics
The original lyrics consist of eleven verses, but it is customary to only sing the first verse and the last verse unless the people gathered are mixed Finnish- and Swedish-speaking. In the latter case, three verses are sung: the first in Finnish, the first in Swedish and the last in Finnish.[citation needed]
| Swedish original[20] | IPA transcription[a] | English verse translation from Swedish[21][22] |
|---|---|---|
Vårt land, vårt land, vårt fosterland, |
[ʋoːrt lɑnːd | ʋoːrt lɑnːd | ʋoːrt ˈfus.tær.lɑnːd |] |
Our land, our land, our Fatherland! |
| Finnish version[23] | IPA transcription[b] |
|---|---|
Oi maamme, Suomi, synnyinmaa, |
[oi̯ ˈmɑːm.me ˈs̠uo̯.mi ˈs̠yn.nyi̯n.ˌmɑː |] |
See also
- Finnish national symbols
- Finnish literature
- Finland-Swedish literature
- "Ålänningens sång" – the regional anthem of Åland
- "Modersmålets sång" – unofficial anthem of the Swedish-speaking Finns
- Public holidays in Finland
Notes
- See Help:IPA/Swedish and Swedish phonology.
- See Help:IPA/Finnish and Finnish phonology.
