Machiel Kiel

For more than half a century after the Second World War, he worked on the grounds, restorations and with the Ottoman archives in Sofia, Istanbul and Ankara.^[1]

He personally researched the Ottoman architecture of the Old Bazaar, Skopje before the 1963 Skopje earthquake.

Kiel was the author of 15 books about this subject. He died in Wormerveer on 29 July 2025, at the age of 87.^[2]