Mafraq

Mafraq was first settled^{[clarification needed]} in the 4th century BC.^{[citation needed]} It is located about 17 km west of the historic Nabataean and Byzantine town of Umm el-Jimal, which was built in the 1st century.

In pre-Ottoman times, what is now the city of Mafraq was named Fudain,^[when?] which comes from the word for fortress^[which?] in Arabic.^{[citation needed]} The Ottoman Turks renamed the city "Mafraq", which means "crossroads" in Arabic.^{[when?][citation needed]}

In Ottoman times, there was a pilgrims' inn or khan there, known as Khan or Qal'at el-Mafraq, which was part of the Syrian Hajj route, used annually by Muslims on their way to Medina and Mecca.^[2] The city gained more significance after the establishment of the Hejaz Railway connecting Damascus (and by extension Istanbul) to Medina in 1908.

Mafraq was the location of a British military base and airport during the British post-WWI Mandate. During the Second World War, the city's military base hosted British troops from India, Australia and other British colonies. It later became the base for the Arab Legion during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

Mafraq is the headquarters of the Third Division of the Jordanian Army. King Hussein Air College and an air base of the Royal Jordanian Air Force are also located in the city.

In 1945, the Municipality of Mafraq was established, with Ali Abdeyyah as its first mayor.

As of 2016, 50% of the population of Mafraq were Syrian refugees.^[3]

The city of Mafraq is located in northern Jordan at the boundary between the Hauran plateau and the Syrian Desert, about 80 km north of Amman. It is the capital and largest city of Mafraq Governorate. The city is close to three major cities in the region, Amman to the south, Irbid to the west, and Damascus to the north.

Mafraq has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Most rain falls in the winter. The average annual temperature in Mafraq is 16.6 °C (61.9 °F). About 184 mm (7.24 in) of precipitation falls annually.

The international highway that connects Damascus to Riyadh passes through the city. Mafraq has a station on the 1,050 mm (3 ft 5+11⁄32 in) national railway system.

Al al-Bayt University is the only university in the city. It was established in 1992 and is located on the south-eastern outskirts of Mafraq city.^[6]

• King Hussein Air Base (IATA: OMF, ICAO: OJMF)
• Railway stations in Jordan
• List of cities in Jordan