Mambucaba

The first record of Mambucaba may be the Tamoio village of Mambucaba, which is cited in the 1557 book História Verídica e Descrição de uma Terra de Selvagens by the German mercenary Hans Staden,^[3] which established contact with the local Indians in the 16th century. Faced with the occupation of the region by the Portuguese in that century, the Indians would have remained on the south bank of the river, where they would frequently attack the Portuguese who settled on the north bank (site of the present village). The Portuguese were forced to maintain vigilance in the face of the threat. The Europeans remained there and established an important point of whale hunting for the production of whale oil. It is worth noting that these places were of such importance to the Kingdom of Portugal that their establishment could be only authorized by the king himself.^[3]

From the end of the 18th to the 19th century, the village was an important exporter of coffee and importer of slaves to the Vale do Paraíba, located at the mouth of the Mambucaba River, since those who were brought to the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, came in vessels to the islands situated in front of the village and, there, their screening and forwarding to the farms inland was done. House were built in the village during the Golden Age of coffee plantation, a church dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary, reasonable commerce activity, with records of an establishment for a Vice consul of France.

With the decadence of the port, after the railway connection between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in 1872, the village went through decades of abandonment and economic lethargy. In 1968, it was listed by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage — IPHAN, the historic village of Mambucaba is one of the Brazilian historical sites that were listed in its entirety, not only the buildings, with the urban layout and equipment related to the occupation of the site as well.

The construction of the Rio-Santos highway in the early 1970s threatened the village, generating several protests of cultural movements of the society in Angra dos Reis. In that decade, the existing police station was deactivated, and a military police company installed in barracks on the edge of the highway, now with the purpose of providing protection to the construction works of the nuclear power plant.

The name, of indigenous origin, has a controversial meaning. Some people claim that it derives from Mambuca, a small stingless bee better known as "Japurá", a bee-dog abundant in the region. Some others refer to a very abundant plant in the region. There are still others who advocate the meaning as "passage". This last interpretation seeks origin in the fact that, by bordering the river, we have a path that was already used by the Indians of the region as means of connection with the Planalto Paulista. This path came to have long rocky sidewalks built by African slaves for disposal of coffee production.^{[citation needed]}

The name "Mambucaba" also designates the river that finds the sea, having its source in the state of São Paulo, within the Serra da Bocaina National Park, in the municipality of São José do Barreiro. Within the Fluminense territory, the river marks the boundary between the municipalities of Angra dos Reis and Paraty. With this, according to historian Alípio Mendes, the name Mambucaba can also mean "sea loch", since the Mambucaba river waters into the sea, as if it were an extension of it.^[4]