Mammals of New Zealand
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prior to human settlement, the mammals of New Zealand consisted entirely of several species of bat and several dozen marine mammal species. Far earlier, during the Miocene, at least one "archaic" terrestrial mammal species is known to have existed, the Saint Bathans mammal. The Māori brought the kurī (Polynesian Dog) and kiore (Polynesian rat) in about 1250 CE,[1] and Europeans from 1769 onwards brought the pig, mice, two additional species of rats, weasels, stoats, ferrets and possums and many other species, some of which cause conservation problems for indigenous species.
Conservation status
- Three recent species of bats: the long-tailed, short-tailed and lesser short-tailed. Though they varied in range, Holocene fossils of all three species have been found near Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua at the far north of the North Island.[2] The Miocene Saint Bathans Fauna showcases a considerably higher diversity of at least four mystacine species, a vesper bat and several incertae sedis taxa.[3]
- Several dozen species of whales and dolphins including the small endemic Hector's dolphin
- Seven species of seal or sea lion
- The Miocene Saint Bathans mammal.
- The New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat is considered endangered (EN), whereas the New Zealand greater short-tailed bat is presumed extinct (EX) with the last sighting being in 1967. The New Zealand long-tailed bat is considered to be critically endangered (CR).
- The sei, fin and blue whales are all endangered (EN), as is the Hector's dolphin which is found only in New Zealand waters.
The Department of Conservation ranks priorities for conservation with the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
Introduced species
The Māori introduced two species: the kurī (dog) and kiore (Polynesian rat). European settlers introduced all other mammal species.
| Species | Year of introduction[4] | Further information |
|---|---|---|
| Red-necked wallaby | ||
| Black rat | Late 1800s | |
| Cat | as early as 1820 | Cats in New Zealand |
| Cattle | 1814 | |
| Chamois | 1907 | |
| Common brushtail possum | 1837 | Common brushtail possum in New Zealand |
| Tammar wallaby | ||
| Elk (wapiti) | 1905 | Reputedly, as a gift from US President Theodore Roosevelt |
| European hare | 1851 | |
| European hedgehog | 1870 | European hedgehog in New Zealand |
| European fallow deer | 1860[5] | |
| Ferret | 1879 | |
| Goat | late 1700s | |
| Himalayan tahr | Early 1900s | |
| House mouse | ||
| Kiore | 1250 | |
| Kurī | 1250 | |
| Least weasel | ||
| Moose | 1900, 1910 | Moose - New Zealand |
| Brown rat | Before 1800 | |
| European rabbit | 1838 | European rabbit in New Zealand |
| Red deer | from 1851 | |
| Javan rusa | ||
| Sambar deer | 1875-76 | |
| Sheep | 1773 | |
| Sika deer | ||
| Stoat | Stoat in New Zealand | |
| White-tailed deer | Only found in Stewart Island and near Lake Wakatipu[5] | |
| Wild boar | 1773 |