Araucanian languages

Language family of South America From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Araucanian languages /ˌærɔːˈkeɪniən/[1] are a small language family of indigenous languages of the Americas spoken in central Chile and neighboring areas of Argentina. The living representatives of this family are Mapudungun (ISO 639-3: arn) and Huilliche (ISO 639-3: huh), spoken respectively by the Mapuche and Huilliche people. These are usually considered divergent dialects of a single language isolate.

Geographic
distributionAndes of Chile, Argentina
Linguistic classificationOne of the world's primary language families
Subdivisions
Glottologarau1255
Quick facts Geographic distribution, Linguistic classification ...
Araucanian
Geographic
distribution		Andes of Chile, Argentina
Linguistic classificationOne of the world's primary language families
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologarau1255
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Demographics

It is estimated that there are approximately 200,000 Mapudungun speakers in Chile and 40,000 speakers in Argentina. Huilliche is the native language of a few thousand Chileans.

Language contact

Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kunza, Mochika, Uru-Chipaya, Arawak, Pano, Cholon-Hibito, and Kechua language families due to contact.[2]

Internal classification

Mason (1950)

Internal classification of Araucanian languages by Mason (1950):[3]

  • Araucanian
    • North
      • Picunche
      • Mapuche
      • Pewenche
        • Rankel(che)
      • Moluche
    • South
      • Wiliche (Huilliche)
        • Wiliche
          • Serrano
          • Pichi-Wiliche
        • Manzanero
      • Veliche (Chilote)
      • Chikiyami (Cuncho)
      • Leuvuche
    • East
      • Taluhet (Taluche)
      • Divihet (Diviche)

Jolkesky (2016)

Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016):[2]

(† = extinct)

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Mapuche (Araucanian) language varieties.[4]

More information gloss, Mapuche ...
glossMapuchePicunchePehuencheHuilicheChiloteRanquelche
one kiñekiñekiñekiñekengekiñe
two epuepueepuepuepoepú
three külakelakelakilakölakʔla
head longkolonkorlonkolonkó
hand kũkúükuüghechukeñeu
water kokokokokugo
sun antuantüanteanteánteant'ü
moon kuyenküyénküyenkiyenkiénkiyet
maize voewawawakáwa
bird gunúnüñemküñümgiñumtrarú
dog thehuathewathewatrehuacheuá
jaguar nahuelnahuelnawelnahuelnaue
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Further reading

  • Augusta, F. J. (1966). Diccionario araucano-español y español-araucano: tomo primero: araucano - español. Padre Las Casas: Impr. y Editorial "San Francisco".
  • Cañas Pinochet, A. (1911). Estudios de la lengua veliche. In: C. E. Porter (ed.), Trabajos de la III Sección “Ciencias Naturales, Antropo-lógicas y Etnológicas” (Tomo I), 143-330. Santiago de Chile: Imprenta Barcelona.
  • Erize, E. (1960). Diccionario comentado Mapuche-Español, Araucano, Pehuenche, Pampa, Picunche, Rancülche, Huilliches. Bahía Blanca: Cuadernos del Sur.
  • Flury, L. (1944). Guiliches: tradiciones, leyendas, apuntes gramaticales y vocabulario de la zona pampa-araucana. (Publicaciones del Instituto de Arqueología, Lingüistica y Folklore Dr. Pablo Cabrera, 8). Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba
  • Hernández Sallés, A.; Luna, C. C. (1997). Diccionario ilustrado Mapudungun- Español-Inglés. Santiago de Chile: Pehuén.

References

External links

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