Marcus Macrinius Avitus Catonius Vindex

The same Roman tombstone provides details of his career.^[7] The first part of Vindex's career was an example of the tres militiae of an equestrian officer.^[8] His first recorded commission was praefectus of the Cohors VI Gallorum, which was stationed in Roman Britain. This was followed by a commission as tribunus angusticlavius in Legio VI Victrix also stationed in Britannia. His next two commissions were to units stationed in Pannonia Superior. The first was as prefectus of the Ala III Thracum, the second unit was prefectus of the Ala Ulpia contariorum, a cavalry military unit -- a unit one thousand strong.

His tres militiae presents some issues. One is that normally the equestrian career consists of three posts; Eric Birley has suggested that in the second and third centuries, possibly an innovation of Hadrian, that a fourth post was added, the command of an ala miliara, which would explain this fourth posting. As there were only a dozen units of this type in the Roman Empire of the 2nd century AD according to Birley's count, their commanders could be considered the elite of the equestrian military service.^[9]

The second issue is for which act Vindex received military honors. According to Valerie Maxwell, the scale of his awards better fit a tribunus laticlavus than an equestrian officer, which is what a tribunus angusticlavius was.^[10] It was while commander of a cavalry unit – most likely the Ala Contariorum^[11] – that Vindex appears in history: Cassius Dio records that, in the winter of 166/167 and with the help of some infantry under one Candidus, Vindex and his cavalry repulsed a force of Langobards and Obii who had crossed the Danube into Roman territory. This victory as a very senior equestrian officer may have been sufficient to justify the awards.^[12]

The last posting Vindex held as an equites was as procurator of Dacia Malvensis. This was not part of the tres militiae, but an administrative posting, and its duties included collecting taxes and rents. Anthony Birley suggests the emperor Marcus Aurelius assigned him this posting because of his military experience, however, due to continued pressure from the barbarians who had re-entered the Great Hungarian Plain and perhaps even crossed the Tisza river from the northwest. Vindex had a crucial role in defending Roman territory, for there was a gap in leadership in the time between the disappearance of the governor of Roman Dacia, Sextus Calpurnius Agricola – possibly dead from the Antonine Plague, or killed in action – and Marcus Claudius Fronto, governor of the neighboring province of Moesia Superior, was able to assume authority in the beleaguered province.^[13]

The second part of his career began when Vindex was adlected into the Senate inter praeterio, that is, he was admitted into that deliberative body with the rank of ex-praetor. The reason for this has not been recorded. While he had shown military skill, Vindex had been decorated once for his victory over the Germans. Another possibility is the likelihood his father may have been the praetorian prefect; Alföldy connects his adlection to the date the older Vindex died in combat.^[11] Nevertheless, their familial connection is not certain. A third possibility was the effects of the above-mentioned Antonine Plague, which doubtlessly claimed the lives of at least a few senators: besides Calpurnius Agricola, another senator who is thought to have possibly died from this epidemic was the orator Fronto.^[14] The emperor Marcus Aurelius would have appointed leading men in order to bring the Senate up to full strength, as had Vespasian after the Year of Four Emperors.

The first honor Vindex achieved after being enrolled in the Senate was curator of the city of Ariminum; Alföldy believes he succeeded Gaius Arrius Antoninus, consul a few years before Vindex, in this role.^[11] At some point after his adlection, Vindex was admitted to the collegium of augurs. He was appointed governor of the imperial province of Moesia Superior; Alföldy dates his tenure in this appointment from about the year 172 to 175.^[15] His suffect consulate followed; Alföldy believes he held this magistracy in absentia; Vindex did not return to Rome to hold the fasces, but remained in his province.^[11]

Upon completion of his tenure in Moesia Superior, Vindex was appointed governor of the adjacent province of Moesia Inferior. While governor of this province, a soldier by the name of Quintus Valerius Atinianus erected an altar dedicated to the goddess Diana; this monument provides independent confirmation of Vindex's posting.^[16] Alföldy dates his tenure in this province from about the year 175 to his death, which he dates to 176.^[17] The tombstone of Vindex states he was 42 years and 5 months old at the time of his death, which if Alföldy is correct would put his birth in the year 134.