Marguerite Massart
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Marguerite Massart | |
|---|---|
| Born | 19 September 1900 Brussels, Belgium |
| Died | 25 February 1979 (aged 78) Ghent, Belgium |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Spouse | Gustave Vynckier |
Marguerite Massart (19 September 1900 – 25 February 1979) was the first woman to graduate as an engineer in Belgium. She set up a successful foundry business in Ghent and later introduced a desalinisation project and early solar panels in the first hotel on Sal Island in Cape Verde.
Marguerite Massart was born in Brussels, Belgium on 19 September 1900. Her mother ran a business supplying copper instruments in the city centre and her father Arthur Massart was the Belgian representative for a French metal company.[1]
Education
Massart showed a particular interest in the sciences and mathematics in school, and chose to attend the Lycée Dachsbeck in Brussels, a school specialising in mathematics. Then in 1918 she entered the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB). Her older brother Arsene had studied there and helped pave the way for her.
She graduated in 1922 with a degree in civil engineering, making her the first woman to qualify as an engineer in Belgium.[1] This news was reported internationally.[2][3]
The following year she gained a further qualification as an electrical engineer from the Ecole Montefiore-Levi in Liège.[1][4]
Career
As soon as she left university, Massart joined the Association des Ingenieurs de Bruxelles (AIBr)an association of engineers who had graduated from the Université libre de Bruxelles. She became general secretary of the organisation in 1925. She remained in close contact with the AIBr throughout her life, donating large sums of money to various relief funds, especially during the Second World War.
Her studies completed, Massart found a job at a Patent Agent's Office in Brussels, where part of her work involved drawing up patent specifications.[4][5]
In April 1924, Massart spoke at the second International Conference of Women Engineers in Manchester, organised by the British-based Women's Engineering Society, reading "a very clever paper" on Alternating Current Motors.[4] She was elected a member of the Women's Engineer Society in March 1925, its first Belgian member.[5]
In July 1927, Marguerite Massart married Gaspard Vynckier, (1896 – 1972)[6] who ran an electrical equipment business, Vynckier Frères & Co. with his brother Maurice. Initially a small company in Brussels, it grew rapidly once established in Ghent, at its height employing 2,200 people and manufacturing all kinds of electrical equipment (switches, distribution boxes, fuses, bakelite cases and railway equipment). It is thought the couple met through her parents’ business interests in metals supply, as his electrical business needed access to copper for electrical wiring.[1]
Ghent
After their marriage, the couple settled in Ghent and Massart gave birth to two sons, Georges Gaspard Arthur Gustave Vynckier and Lucien Richard Arsène Urbain Vynckier, who both grew up to have careers as engineers.[6][1] In 1937, the family moved into a large house with a corner tower, (built in 1896) in Coupure Rechts, a smart area of Ghent.[7]
Whilst bringing up her young family, Massart also set up and managed her own successful company, the Cupro Foundry, working with non-ferrous metals.
She became involved in the social life of Ghent, taking a significant role in the local Soroptimists and setting up a local chapter of the Fédération belge des femmes universitaires (FBFU), a Belgian organisation for early women graduates to support each other.[1]
Massart was very attached to the French language, and fought to protect the use of French at a time when the Belgian state was undertaking a process to increase the use of the Flemish language in education in the Flanders area of northern Belgium. She fought to create a French-speaking element within the curriculum in middle schools in Ghent. This caused her some notoriety in the local press.[1]