Martin Hess (politician)

After graduating high school, Hess trained with the Baden-Württemberg state police starting in 1990.^[1] In 1993, he became a police officer^[1] and worked for the police in various operational positions until 2010. At the same time, he completed a degree in police administration from 2001 to 2004.^[2] From 2010, he worked as a lecturer in the training and further education of police officers, most recently from 2014 at the Böblingen Institute for Further Education at the Baden-Württemberg Police University.^[3][4] He was taken out of service in 2017 to fulfill his parliamentary mandate.^[1] Hess lives in Bietigheim-Bissingen, is non-denominational, single^[1] and has one son.^[1]

Hess entered the newly founded Alternative for Germany (AfD) in 2013. In an interview with the Stuttgarter Zeitung newspaper, he stated that his reason for joining the party was that he opposed the European states' treatment of countries in distress due to the euro crisis and instead favoured compliance with the no-bailout clause.^[3]

Hess initially held various offices in the party at the local and district level. From March 2017 to February 2019, he was deputy spokesperson for the AfD Baden-Württemberg.^[5][6] Alongside other AfD members of parliament and members of the federal executive, Hess is a member of an AfD working group formed in September 2018 to develop strategies to prevent the party or individual members and groups from being monitored by the offices to protect of the constitution.^[7]

In February 2019, Hess lost a crucial vote at a state political convention (Landesparteitag) of the AfD in Baden-Württemberg against Dirk Spaniel^[8] and was defeated by 341 votes to 371.^[9] Shortly before the election party conference, there was speculation in an anonymous email sent to the party's internal mailing list as to whether Hess had been "infiltrated" into the party by the domestic intelligence service. Hess told DPA that these "untrue and reputation-damaging allegations" had contributed significantly to his defeat and prompted him to take legal action against the author.^[10][11] The AfD state executive also announced a criminal complaint.^[12][13]

Hess became a member of the Bundestag, the German federal law-making body in 2017.^[14] He was elected by the AfD Baden-Württemberg in November 2016 for the 2017 Bundestag election in 7th place on the list and was a direct candidate in the Ludwigsburg constituency.^[2] Hess could have stood in the Neckar-Zaber constituency; however, as this was occupied by Marc Jongen, according to Hess, he switched to the Ludwigsburg constituency.^[3] In the election, Hess was the only AfD direct candidate in Baden-Württemberg who received more first votes in his constituency than his party received second votes in this constituency.^[15] In the 19th German Bundestag, Hess was a full member of the Committee on Internal Affairs and Home land Affairs; he was also a deputy member of the Defence Committee.^[1] After the 2021 Bundestag election, he entered the 20th Bundestag in second place on the state list.^[16] In December 2021, the AfD nominated him as Chairman of the Bundestag Committee on Internal Affairs and Homeland Affairs. In the secret ballot on 15 December 2021, 6 voted for him and 40 voted against him.^{[17][18][19][20]}