Max Coleman

Max Coleman's father was an Orthodox Jew, born in Lithuania but raised in Ireland, and his mother was an Irish Catholic. Coleman was born in 1926, the year after they emigrated to South Africa.^[1]

He studied at the University of the Witwatersrand ("Wits), where he was politically active,^[1] and spent time in London, where he completed a doctorate in chemical engineering at Imperial College.^[2]

Upon his return to South Africa, Coleman co-founded a successful chemical and photographic business, Photra, which employed around 500 people at its height.^[2][1]

In the 1950s, Coleman and his wife were inactive members of the Congress of Democrats: they were morally opposed to apartheid, but Coleman had not been involved significantly in the anti-apartheid movement.^[1]

Coleman later said that he became politically conscious after the 1976 Soweto uprising, when his sons – then teenagers and young adults – became involved in student politics and "started educating their parents".^[1] His eldest son, Keith, was detained without trial for his activism in October 1981 alongside Neil Aggett and others who appeared on a list of anti-apartheid "comrades" written by Barbara Hogan and intercepted by the police's Security Branch. Keith was held at John Vorster Square in Johannesburg until April 1982,^[1] and during that time Coleman took up a daily vigil outside the police station, holding up a placard to protest political detentions.^[3]

Also during that period, Coleman, his wife, David Webster, and others founded a committee, initially meeting at Wits University, for the parents of the young activists who had been detained in the October 1981 raids. Inspired by the Argentinian Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, they called the group the Detainees' Parents' Support Committee.^[1] The committee became a national organisation for legal and financial assistance, petitioning, and record-keeping in advocacy for detained anti-apartheid activists and their families, growing especially quickly during the 1985 state of emergency;^[4][5] it established headquarters in Khotso House in Johannesburg.^[1]

Coleman sold his business and, with his wife, became a full-time human rights activist.^[2] In 1985, he was involved in founding the Kagiso Trust with leaders of the South African Council of Churches. Initially relying largely on Coleman's patronage and that of the European Union, the trust helped fund the Detainees' Parents' Support Committee and various development initiatives.^[5][4] After the Detainees' Parents' Support Committee was banned, he headed its successor organisation, the Human Rights Committee, into the 1990s.^[1]

In South Africa's first post-apartheid elections in 1994, Coleman was elected to a seat in the National Assembly, the lower house of the new South African Parliament; he represented the governing party, the African National Congress (ANC).^[6][2] He left Parliament in 1995 when he was appointed as a commissioner to the South African Human Rights Commission. However, he resigned from the commission the following year, with effect from October 1996, citing "personal reasons"; the Mail & Guardian reported that he had clashed with the commission's chair, Barney Pityana.^[7]