Max Wechsler

Max Wechsler was born in June 1925 in Berlin, to a Jewish family. His father was a clerk.^[3] In January 1939, aged 13, he was sent on his own to Paris to stay with an uncle, in the aftermath of Kristallnacht.^[4][5] His parents and grandparents, who remained in Berlin, were deported and murdered at Auschwitz in 1943.^[6]

During the German invasion of France, he was taken in at the Maison des enfants de Moissac^[7] through the network of the Éclaireurs israélites de France (EIF) (Jewish Scouting Movement of France), leading to his first encounter with painters. After the German occupation of the southern section of France, he crossed into Switzerland on 23 January 1943 and joined the Davesco camp near Lugano. At the end of the war he returned to Paris.^[5][8]

He began his artistic career as an illustrator and graphic designer at the children's weekly cartoon newspaper Vaillant,^[9] a role he continued part-time until the early 1990s, mainly for the Presses de la Cité group. His encounters with the painter Serge Fiorio^[10] during the war in Moissac, and later with René Moreu, then editor-in-chief of Vaillant, proved to be significant.

His early paintings, from 1958 to 1972, were abstract, influenced by Surrealism.^[5] These were painted with oils on plywood and canvas and represented an expression of his traumatic wartime experiences. His first solo exhibition was in 1968 as part of the ARC initiative at the Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris.^[2]

Between 1973 and 1977, he voluntarily ceased painting.^[11] He later explained how he rejected his earlier work as being too intellectual and "trapped in grief".^[3] When he resumed his work in 1978, he turned towards abstraction: a series of works on canvas with striated surfaces, as if slashed into the material.^[4]

In 1984, he abandoned the stretcher frame and began producing large-scale works incorporating collages of various materials, papers and newspapers, creating a dense, thick surface. He titled this body of work Recouvrements papiers (Paper overlays). These monumental formats were inspired by the spacious studio he acquired in 1985 in the Bastille district, where he worked until the end of his life.^[4] In 1986, he exhibited these large-format works at Galerie Jean Fournier in Paris.^[12]

In 1989, he befriended critic and poet Maurice Benhamou [fr], marking the beginning of a long friendship and collaboration.^[4]

From 2006, the artist returned to his birthplace, Berlin, with several significant exhibitions, including at the Jewish Museum Berlin, Villa Oppenheim [de], Galerie KunstbüroBerlin^[13] and the Berlinische Galerie, to which he donated some of his work in 2010.^[3][4]

In 2003, he was awarded the Maratier Prize by the Pro mahJ Foundation, which supports the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme.^[14] Wechsler exhibited there several times and donated art work to the museum in 2017.^[15]

Elsewhere in Paris, Wechsler exhibited at the Galerie Guislain – États d’Art, Galerie ETC^[16] and Galerie Dutko.^[17] He also exhibited at the Hiéron Museum in Paray-le-Monial^[18], to which he likewise made a donation. The major donation to the Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris, the host of his first solo exhibition, which he initiated in 2018 and completed by his wife, was presented in the museum’s permanent collections in 2025 and 2026.^[19]

He created his final works in 2019 and died in Paris on 12 May 2020, at the age of 94 years.^[6] He is buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery (86th division).

His early surrealist-inspired compositions, from 1958 until 1972, were described by Pierre Gaudibert as “organic unfoldings, [...] expansions of coils, swellings and fissures”, and characterised by Alfred Pacquement as “symbolic figures reflecting a work of suffering”. These pieces were exhibited by Pierre Gaudibert at the Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris during the first ARC exhibition in 1968.^[20]

After 1968, he shifted from painting to large crumpled paper surfaces, and by the early 1990s to works made from photocopied, cut, and mounted text fragments.^[5] He became interested in the letter as a form, experimenting with it through erasure, fragmentation, destruction, or by embedding it into works of often monumental size.^[2] Referring to his large- and small-scale papiers marouflés (glued-on papers), Wechsler stated: The letter, ceaselessly transformed, destructured, resists, reveals itself to be indestructible... I am fond of associating what will be forever unseen and what remains indelible.”^[14]

Art critic and friend Maurice Benhamou described his work as having an “indefinable tonality,” marked by layered light, one “beyond the letter” and one “beneath it.”^[6]

• 1968: Max Wechsler: peintures, ARC, Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. (Catalogue written by Pierre Gaudibert)^[2]
• 2003: Max Wechsler, Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaïsme, Paris, Collection Jüdisches Museum Berlin^[21]
• 2006: Max Wechsler: Unter der Oberfläche, Villa Oppenheim, Berlin^[3]
• 2013: Max Wechsler: Klang der Sprache, Gœthe-Institut, Paris^[22]
• 2014: Max Wechsler: at Hôtel Frison, exhibition curator: Frédéric Guislain, Brussels^[23]
• 2017: Donation Max Wechsler, Musée d’Art et d’Histoire du Judaïsme, Paris^[14]
• 2017: Max Wechsler: de la lettre au signe,  Journées Européennes du Patrimoine, Abbatiale Saint Férréol d’Essômes-sur-Marne.^[24]

• 2010: Spotlight Sammlung: Die Schenkungen Herbert Kaufmann und Max Wechsler, Berlinische Galerie, Berlin^[25]

• 2023: Max Wechsler, galerie ETC, Paris^[24]
• 2023: Max Wechsler, galerie Faider, Brussels^[26]
• 2023: Max Wechsler: un parcours, galerie Dutko, Paris^[27]
• 2025: Brand New!: dons récents aux collections, (recent acquisitions) (group exhibition), MAMC+, Saint-Étienne^[28]
• 2025: En vis-à-vis, joint show with Mathieu Bonardet^[15]
• 2025: Max Wechsler: chemins croisés, galerie Dutko, Paris^[5]
• 2025: Poetics of Substraction, Niso Gallery, London.^[29]

• MAM / Musée d'art moderne de Paris (MAM)^[30]
• Musée d'art moderne et contemporain, Saint-Etienne Métropole (MAMC+)^[28]
• Musée national d'art moderne, Centre Pompidou, Paris^[31]
• Hiéron Museum, Paray-Le-Monial^[18]
• Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme, Paris^[32]
• Jüdisches Museum, Berlin^[33]
• Berlinische Galerie, Berlin^[34]
• Centre national des arts plastiques, Paris^[35]