Michael White (British Army officer)

White was promoted to major on 10 January 1837 and to lieutenant-colonel (in the 3rd Light Dragoons) on 13 December 1839.^[1][5] White was given command of the cavalry attached to Sir George Pollock's army during the 1842 invasion of Afghanistan. White's troops helped to force the Khyber Pass, take the heights of Jagdalak, defeat an Afghan force at Tezin and capture Haft Kotal. His men were also part of the British garrison at Kabul.^[1] Despite the eventual British loss and withdrawal White was recommended for appointment as a Companion of the Order of the Bath, which was granted in 1843, for his services in the war and also received a medal.^[1][2][4]

White served under Hugh Gough in the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46), commanding the cavalry of the British force.^[2] At the 18 December 1845 Battle of Mudki White led the cavalry on a flanking movement that turned the Sikh left, put their cavalry to flight and silenced their artillery. During this action the British cavalry suffered heavy casualties and White's horse was wounded.^[1][6] White commanded a cavalry brigade at the 21–22 December Battle of Ferozeshah.^[1] On the first day of the battle he led a charge by the 3rd Light Dragoons against a large Sikh cavalry force that threatened to throw back Walter Gilbert's infantry from entrenched positions recently captured from the Sikh forces. Despite heavy musket and artillery fire White's cavalry succeeded in routing the enemy force. He pushed on to the next line of Sikh defences but was repulsed. Historian George Bruce calls this "A brilliant and victorious charge [that] probably saved the day" for the British.^[7] On the second day of the battle White led another charge against the Sikh cavalry, who threatened the British infantry who were desperately short of ammunition. The 3rd Light Dragoons and two native cavalry regiments hit the Sikhs when they were only 200 yards (180 m) from the British infantry. Despite superior numbers the Sikh cavalry retired after fierce hand-to-hand combat.^[8] During the battle White's horse was killed and he was wounded.^[1]

On 29 January the Governor-General of India Henry Hardinge stated: "Colonel White, your regiment is an honour to the British army".^[9] White afterwards led the 3rd Light Dragoons in the final battle of the campaign, the 10 February 1846 Battle of Sobraon.^[4] Hardinge afterwards noted "Her Majesty's Third Light Dragoons, as usual, were in the foremost ranks, and distinguished themselves under their commanding officer, Lieut.-Colonel White".^[9] For gallantry in this action White was nominated an aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria.^[1] He received the Sutlej Medal with two additional clasps for his service and was promoted to colonel on 1 April 1846.^[4][1]

White commanded another cavalry brigade during the Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49). At the 22 November 1848 Battle of Ramnagar the commanding officer of the 14th Light Dragoons, Lieutenant-Colonel William Havelock, was killed. White took command and led a charge against the Sikh cavalry.^[1] He allowed the Sikhs to move onto firm ground, away from the river bank, before attacking. After pushing them back he ordered his men to retire and not pursue the enemy into the deep sand.^[10] The British force were defeated in the battle.^[1] White's brigade protected the British left flank during the 13 January 1849 Battle of Chillianwala and were present in the victory in the final engagement of the war, the 21 February Battle of Gujrat.^[1] White was awarded the Punjab Medal and two clasps for his service in the war.^[4]

White was promoted to major-general on 20 June 1854. He received the colonelcy of the 7th Dragoons on 26 August 1858 and was promoted to lieutenant-general on 1 September 1860.^[4] White was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 10 November 1862. In later life he lived in London, where he died at Bayswater on 27 January 1868.^[1]