Microchannel (microtechnology)
Basic structure used in microtechnology
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Microchannel in microtechnology is a channel with a hydraulic diameter below 1 mm, usually 1–99 μm.[1] Microchannels are used in fluid control (see Microfluidics), heat transfer (see Micro heat exchanger) and cell migration observation.[2] They are more efficient than their 'macro' counterparts, because of a high surface-area to volume ratio yet pose a multitude of challenges due to their small size.[3]
Materials
Different types of materials are required for the different uses of microchannels. These are the three main categories.[4]
Polymeric and glass substrates
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is used as a solution to a wide range of microfluidic devices due to its low cost and easier fabricating methods.[4] Silicon elastomers can be used for situations in which elasticity and deformation is necessary.[5]
Metallic substrates
Metallic substrates are often chosen for their advantageous metallic properties, such as withstanding high temperatures and transferring heat faster. They can be subject to corrosion.[4][6]
Semiconductors, ceramics and composites
Ceramic materials allow for high-temperature operation in comparison to metallic substrates and enable operation in harsh chemical environments in which metals cannot be used.[7]
History
Common uses
Microchannels are extensively used in the pharmaceuticals, and biochemical industries due to short diffusion distances, higher interfacial area, and higher heat/mass transfer rates.[10]
