Microhyla kodial

The exact distribution of M. kodial is uncertain, but it is believed to be restricted to a small geographical area around Mangalore on the west coast of India, where its typical habitat is marshy vegetation with open grassland with herbs and shrubs.^[1][2] However, it is not closely related to any of the native Indian Microhyla species, and genetic analysis indicates that its closest relatives are Microhyla species in Southeast Asia, namely the Microhyla achatina clade. The area in which it was found is also known to have formerly been a dumping area for imported timber. Thus, it has been speculated that M. kodial is actually native to Southeast Asia and was introduced to India on timber shipments, where it established a small population.^[1] However, the subsequent discovery of the closely related M. irrawaddy in the dry savannas of central Myanmar indicates that members of the M. achatina clade are capable of dispersing westwards and potentially surviving in the Indian Subcontinent's drier habitats, supporting M. kodial being a native species.^[3]

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0Bj8xWng8k
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhAlQj_fFuo
• https://macaulaylibrary.org/asset/222099