Middle Eastern and North African music traditions
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This is a list of folk music traditions, with styles, dances, instruments, and other related topics. The term folk music cannot be easily defined in a precise manner. It is used with widely varying definitions depending on the author, intended audience and context within a work.
Similarly, the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly defined criteria. Music scholars, journalists, audiences, record industry individuals, politicians, nationalists, and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial, geographic, linguistic, religious, tribal, or ethnic lines, and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a "folk music tradition". This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream, primarily English-language, scholarly sources, as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works.
These traditions may coincide entirely, partially or not at all with geographic, political, linguistic, or cultural boundaries. Very few, if any, music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples; thus, the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other.
Middle East and North Africa
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| Country | Elements | Dance | Instrumentation | Other topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian | kef – folk – liturgical – Tashnakzootyoun | tamzara – kochari – religious | duduk – oud – dumbeg – saz – bouzouki – shvi | |
| Algerian[1] | medh – melhun – raï – zendani | gasha – mandole - rabab - guellal | berrah – cheikha – meddhahates – mehna – wa'adat | |
| Assyrian | diwaneh – liliana – raweh | baglama – Çiftelia – davul – dhol – dutar – tambura – zurna – saz – watariyat | ||
| Bahraini | See Persian Gulf region | – | – | – |
| Bedouin[2][3][4] | zajal | fantasia | mijwis – mismar – yaghul | |
| Berber[1][5][6][a] | amarg – ammussu – astara – ritual music – tabbayt | aberdag – ahidu – ahouach – ahwash | ajouag – bendir – ghaita – lotar (instrument) – nakous – ney – rabab – t'bel – tinde – viol | amydaz – imdyazn – laamt – rwai |
| Chleuh | See Berber | – | – | – |
| Coptic | See Egyptian | – | – | – |
| Djiboutian | balwo | bowl lyre – tanbura | ||
| Egyptian[2] | Saiyidi – sawahili – wedding music | awalim | mismar saiyidi – nahrasan | |
| Emirati | See Persian Gulf region | – | – | – |
| Eritrean | folk – liturgical – popular | kebero – kobar – kraar – lyre – wata | ||
| Ethiopian | folk – liturgical – popular | begena – kebero – kraar – masenqo – sistrum – washint | ||
| Georgian[7] | Georgian polyphony – krimanchuli – naduri – orovela – table song | accordion – changui – chonguri – chuniri – clarinet – duduk – panduri | ||
| Hausa[8] | Hausa | Gummi – ganga (cylindrical drum, snared and double-membraned[9]) – kakaki – darbuka – tapsnee – qloo – tambari (large, bowl-shaped drum[10]) - goje - kalangu - Jaju umpho umpho (a flute)[clarification needed] | [specify][further explanation needed][clarification needed] | |
| Iranian[11] | daf – dohol – karnay – lute – ney – ney-anban – zurna | |||
| Israeli and diaspora Jewish | Klezmer – Sephardic music – Mizrahi music – Secular Jewish music | Israeli folk dancing – Horah – | lutes – oud | |
| Kabyle | See Berber | – | – | – |
| Khaleeji | See Persian Gulf region | – | – | – |
| Kuwaiti | See Persian Gulf region | – | – | – |
| Kurdish[11][12] | epic | Bloor – daf – dhol – doozela – duduk – kamanche – ney – oud – santur – shimshal – tabalak – tar – tenbur – zil – zurna | chirokbej – dengbêj – stranbej | |
| Persian Gulf region[13] | Khaleeji music – sawt (music)-tarab-Adani-shela | Ardha, dabkah | duff – teeran – nay – oud – rababa – merwass – tabla – binges – qanun | |
| Lebanese[14] | dabkah | |||
| Mauritanian | al-bayda – epic – fagu – l'-gnaydiya – al-kahla – karr – labyad – lakhal – lebtayt | dabkah | ardin – daghumma – tbal – tidinit | iggawin[15] |
| Moroccan[5] | takht | ait atta – ait Bodar – ait Bugemaz (ait bouguemaz) – taskiwin | aghanin – bendir – darbuka – duff – garagab – ghaita – gimbri – guedra – kamanjeh – kanum – nai – nakous – oud – rabab – taarija – tabl – tan-tan – tar | moussem |
| Nubian[2] | duff | |||
| Omani | See Persian Gulf region | – | – | – |
| Palestinian[16] | dalauna – meyjana – Zaghareet – wedding music- Ataaba – Sahja – zajal | dabka | duff – mijwiz – nay – oud – rababa – shababi – tabla – yarghoul-oud-qanun | zajaleen |
| Pashtun[17][18] | Afghan wedding music – kiliwali | chub bazi – atan | daireh – dhol – rubab – tanbur | landai |
| Persian | See Iranian | – | – | – |
| Pontic Greek[19][20] | folk - acritic - call and response - parakathi | Pontic Greek folk dance, including serra, dipat, atsiapat, omal, etc. | lyra - daouli - touloum - zourna - kemane - oud | |
| Qatari | See Persian Gulf region | – | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | Qasida | Ardah – Mizmar – Daha | Oud – Rebab – Tar – Ney – Mizmar | |
| Arabic, Islamic, Jewish music[21] | cantica – copla – endechas – romance – Songs for Purim – wedding music | accordion – darabouka – kanun – oud – tambourine | ||
| Somali | balwo, qaraami, dhaanto | batar drum – oud | ||
| Sudanese Arab[22] | haqiiba | oud – tambour | ||
| Tuareg | See Berber | – | – | – |
| Yemeni[13] | oud | ghat |
Notes
- Includes the music of Kabylie and the Tuareg; World Music Central Archived 2006-02-07 at the Wayback Machine