Born into the family of Senator Nikolai Mikhailovich Smirnov (1807-1870) from his marriage to Lady-in-waiting Alexandra Osipovna Rosset (1809-1882). He graduated from the Imperial Novorossiysk University (Faculty of Natural Sciences),[2] having defended his thesis in 1867 for the degree of candidate. He worked in Tbilisi in a special department of the governor Vorontsov.
He repeatedly visited the Caucasus with expeditions; he was one of the best researchers and experts on the Caucasian fauna and flora. From the 1870s he published articles in the field of zoology, botany, archeology and linguistics.[2] It is considered the initiator of the geobotanical zoning of the Caucasus. Participated in the creation of the botanical garden library. His herbariums have been preserved in the National Museum of Tbilisi.[3]
Member of the Society of Anthropology of Paris (1877), the Vienna Society of Zoologists and Botanists (1881) . He was also a member of the Medical Society, the Society of Caucasian Archaeologists, the Caucasian Branch of the Russian Imperial Society of Geography, the Society of the History and Archeology of the Caucasus and Agriculture; headed the office of the Organization for the Restoration of Orthodoxy in the Caucasus.
He died in Odessa at the age of 45 after a long illness.