Military ranks of the Second Spanish Republic
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The Military ranks of the Second Spanish Republic were the military insignia used by the Spanish Republican Armed Forces. Introduced following the abolition of the monarchy, the ranks were used until the Fall of the Republic.
Army
In the Civil War, and following the reorganization of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, the five pointed red star became an insignia of Spanish Republican Army uniforms.
The new insignia mainly replaced the former eight-pointed and six-pointed silver stars that had been part of the Republican Army officers' uniforms between 1931 and 1936.[1][dead link]
Commissioned officer ranks
The rank insignia of commissioned officers.
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Spanish Republican Army(1931–1936) |
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| General inspector | General de división | General de brigada | Coronel | Teniente coronel | Comandante | Capitán | Teniente | Alférez | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| People's Army of the Republic (1936–1939)[2] |
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| General | Coronel | Teniente coronel | Comandante | Capitán | Teniente | Alférez | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Political commissars(1936–1939) |
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| Comisario general | Subcomisario and Secretario general |
Comisario inspector | Comisario de brigada | Comisario de batallón | Comisario de compañía | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unit commander insignia
The republican forces of the Spanish Civil War used three-pointed stars were placed below the rank insignia of officers assigned to the command of units above the size of regiment. One star was used for a brigade, two for a division, three for a corps and four for the commander of an army.
| Spanish Republican Army (1936–1939) |
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| General commander of a brigade |
Coronel commander of an army |
Teniente Coronel commander of a division |
Comandante commander of a corps |
Other ranks
The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Spanish Republican Army (1931–1936) |
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| Subteniente (1931–1934) |
Subayudante (1931–1934) |
Brigada | Sargento primero | Sargento | Cabo | Soldado de primera | Soldado | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| People's Army of the Republic (1936–1939) |
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| Brigada | Sargento | Cabo | Soldado | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political commissars (1936–1939) |
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| Delegado político de compañía | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Navy
The Spanish Republican Navy introduced a few changes in the flags, ensigns and pennants, as well as in the Navy officer rank insignia.[3] The executive curl (La coca) was replaced by a golden five-pointed star and the royal crown of the brass buttons and of the officers' peaked caps and gorgets (golas) became a mural crown. The officer ranks of the Spanish Republican Navy were as follows below.
Commissioned officer ranks
The rank insignia of commissioned officers.
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Spanish Republican Navy (1931–1936) |
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| Vicealmirante | Contraalmirante | Capitán de navío | Capitán de fragata | Capitán de corbeta | Teniente de navío | Alférez de navío | Alférez de fragata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spanish Republican Navy (1936–1939) |
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| Capitán de navío acting as Vicealmirante |
Capitán de navío acting as Contraalmirante |
Capitán de navío | Capitán de fragata | Capitán de corbeta | Teniente de navío | Alférez de navío | Alférez de fragata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other ranks
The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Spanish Republican Navy (1931–1939) |
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| Subteniente | Subayudante (1931–1935) |
Brigada | Sargento | Cabo | Marinero de primera | Marinero | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rank flags and pennants
The rank flags and pennants of the Spanish Republican Navy followed the same pattern that had been established for the Spanish Navy in 1914.[4] The only changes were the stripes of equal width and the replacing of the red color of the lower stripe with the morado of the Republican Tricolor.
Rank flag of the Minister of the Navy (Ministro de Marina)
Viceadmiral rank flag
Viceadmiral rank flag (subordinate)
Rear Admiral rank flag
Rear Admiral rank flag (subordinate)
Gallardetón. Captain at Sea Pennant (in command of a naval squadron).
Gallardetón. Captain at Sea Pennant (in command of a naval division).
Gallardete. Commissioning pennant
Grímpola. Senior Officer Pennant
Distintivo de Madrid pennant awarded in 1938 to the vessels that took part in the Battle of Cape Palos
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Air force
Spanish Republican Air Force ranks were as follows.
Commissioned officer ranks
The rank insignia of commissioned officers.
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Spanish Republican Air Force (1936–1939) |
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| General | Coronel | Teniente coronel | Comandante | Capitán | Teniente | Alférez | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceding agencies
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aeronáutica Militar (1931–1936) |
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| Jefe superior | Jefe de base | Jefe de escuadra | Jefe de grupo | Jefe de escuadrilla | Oficial aviador | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aeronáutica Naval (1931–1936) |
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| Capitán de navío | Capitán de fragata | Capitán de corbeta | Teniente de navío | Alférez de navío | Alférez de fragata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||