Milnesium tardigradum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Milnesium tardigradum | |
|---|---|
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| SEM image of Milnesium tardigradum | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Tardigrada |
| Class: | Eutardigrada |
| Order: | Apochela |
| Family: | Milnesiidae |
| Genus: | Milnesium |
| Species: | M. tardigradum |
| Binomial name | |
| Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840 | |
Milnesium tardigradum is a cosmopolitan species of tardigrade that can be found in a diverse range of environments.[1] It has also been found in the sea around Antarctica.[2] M. tardigradum was described by Louis Michel François Doyère in 1840.[3][4] It contains unidentified osmolytes that could potentially provide important information in the process of cryptobiosis.[5]
Morphology
M. tardigradum has a symmetrical body with eight legs; it uses claws—a distinctive feature of this tardigrade species. The total length of the body varies, with some measuring up to 0.7 mm in length.[6]
M. tardigradum have been found to possess a high level of radioresistance.[7] In 2007, individuals of two tardigrade species, Richtersius coronifer and M. tardigradum, were subject to the radiation, near-vacuum, and near-absolute zero conditions of outer space as part of the European Space Agency's Biopan-6 experiment. Three specimens of M. tardigradum survived.[8] The M. tardigradum can cope with high amounts of environmental stress by initiating cryptobiosis. During this state, the internal organic clock of M. tardigradum halts, thus the cryptobiotic state does not contribute to the aging process.[9]
Nutrition
M. tardigradum is an omnivorous predator. It typically feeds on other small organisms, such as algae, rotifers, and nematodes. There have also been recorded cases of M. tardigradum feeding on other smaller tardigrades.[6]
Evolution
M. tardigradum has been phylogenetically linked to arthropods. Although the extent of the relationship is still debated, evidence suggests that tardigrades and arthropods have a close evolutionary history.[9] Recent research has shown a shortage in a particular subset of genes also found in nematodes, another member of the Ecdysozoa superphylum.[10]
Habitat
The biogeographical distribution of M. tardigradum is large. The species occupies mostly aquatic environments such as marine, coastal, and terrestrial areas. The full distribution of M. tardigradum is difficult to analyze due to the difficulty in taxonomy and the lack of sufficient data.[9]
