Azam started his political career from student life in 1977. He was an Amusement and Entertainment Secretary of the Student union of Government Ashek Mahmud College in 1979. In 1981, he was elected vice-president of Chhatra League, Jamalpur District unit.[5]
In 1991, he was elected as the President of Jubo League and Joint-General Secretary of Awami League, Jamalpur District Branch. He was elected to Parliament from Jamalpur-3 in 1991 as a candidate of Awami League.[6] He received 39,907 votes while his nearest rival of Bangladesh Nationalist Party, Shah Md. Khairul Bashar Chishti, received 31,032 votes.[6]
Azam was re-elected to Parliament from Jamalpur-3 in 1996 as a candidate of Awami League.[6] In 1996, he was elected as the General Secretary of Bangladesh Awami League of Jamalpur District Branch. He served as the General Secretary of Bangladesh Awami Jubo League of the Central Executive Committee from 2003 to 2012. In January 2004, he was injured while on a protest by Bangladesh Police personnel.[7] In June 2004, a bus in Shahbagh was burned down killing 11 after which police charged Azam, Jahangir Kabir Nanak and nine others.[8] The charges were dropped in 2013 as the Criminal Investigation Department did not find evidence of their involvement.[8]
Azam was re-elected to Parliament from Jamalpur-3 in 2001 as a candidate of Awami League.[9][6] He was the Whip of Opposition Party in the 8th Bangladesh National Parliament.
In 2007, Rapid Action Battalion sued Azam for selling his Lexus, imported duty free due to member of parliament privileges, illegally using forged papers to Shawkat Ali director of Metro Spinning Limited.[10] In November an arrest warrant was issued against Azam.[10] In December, Judge Mohammad Azizul Haque ordered property of Azam to be seized.[11]Anti-Corruption Commission sued him in another case over 5.3 million in unexplained wealth on 8 July 2008 with the Dhaka Chief Metropolitan Magistrate's .[12] In July 2008, he was sent to jail after surrendering to Metropolitan Sessions Judge's Court.[13] Jmb leader Shaekh Abdur Rahman is brother in law of him.[14]
Azam was re-elected to Parliament from Jamalpur-3 in 2008 as a candidate of Awami League against Mostafizur Rahman Babul of Bangladesh Nationalist Party.[15] He was the Whip of Ruling Party of the 9th Bangladesh National Parliament. In February 2009, during the Bangladesh Rifles revolt he visited the Bangladesh Rifles headguards with Jahangir Kabir Nanak to negotiate with the rebels on behalf of the government.[16][17][18]
Azam was re-elected to Parliament from Jamalpur-3 in 2014 unopposed after the election was boycotted by the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party.[19] He has taken oath as the State Minister of Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh on 12 January 2014. He has taken on his duties in the Ministry of Textiles and Jute on 13 January 2014.[20]
Azam was re-elected in 2018 from Jamalpur-3 as a candidate of the Awami League.[21] He received 385,113 votes while his nearest rival, Md Mostafizur Rahman Babul of Bangladesh Nationalist Party received 4,677 votes.[21]
Azam's home was vandalized on 5 August 2024 following the fall of the Sheikh Hasina led Awami League government.[23] It was again vandalized in February 2025.[23]
