Modernist film
Film genre
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Modernist film is related to the art and philosophy of modernism as early modernist film came to maturity in the era between World War I and World War II, with characteristics such as montage and symbolic imagery, manifesting itself in genres as diverse as expressionism and surrealism (as featured in the works of Fritz Lang and Luis Buñuel)[1] while postmodernist film – similar to postmodernism as a whole – is a reaction to modernist works, and to their tendencies (such as nostalgia and angst).[2]
Aesthetics
Modernist cinema has been said to have "explored and exposed the formal concerns of the medium by placing them at the forefront of consciousness."[3] The auteur theory and idea of an author creating a work from their singular vision became a central characteristic of modernist filmmaking. It has been said that "To investigate the transparency of the image is modernist but to undermine its reference to reality is to engage with the aesthetics of postmodernism."[4][5] The modernist film has more faith in the author, the individual, and the accessibility of reality itself (and generally has a more sincere tone[6]) than the postmodernist film.
List of notable modernist films
20th century
- Cabiria (1914)[7]
- Intolerance (1916)[7]
- The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)[8]
- Manhatta (1921)[9]
- Rhythmus 21 (1921)[10]
- Ballet Mécanique (1923)
- The Last Laugh (1924)
- Sherlock Jr. (1924)
- Symphonie Diagonale (1924)[10]
- Battleship Potemkin (1925)[11]
- The Lodger (1927)
- Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927)[12]
- Metropolis (1927)[13]
- Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis (1927)[14]
- The Crowd (1928)[12]
- Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928)
- The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928)
- The Fall of the House of Usher (1928)
- Un Chien Andalou (1929)[15]
- Man with a Movie Camera (1929)
- L'Age d'Or (1930)[16]
- Frankenstein (1931)
- Dracula (1931)
- Two Happy Hearts (1932)[17]
- The Tale of Tsar Durondai (1934)[18]
- A Story of Floating Weeds (1934)
- The Life of Emile Zola (1937)
- Daffy Duck and Egghead (1938)
- Olympia (1938)
- La vuelta al nido (1938)[19][20]
- Thugs with Dirty Mugs (1939)
- Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)
- Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939)
- Stagecoach (1939)
- Rebecca (1940)
- Fantasia (1940)[21]
- The Great Dictator (1940)
- The Heckling Hare (1941)
- Citizen Kane (1941)
- The Maltese Falcon (1941)
- Cat People (1942)
- Meshes of the Afternoon (1943)
- Who Killed Who (1943)
- Screwball Squirrel (1944)
- Double Indemnity (1944)
- Rome, Open City (1945)
- Leave Her to Heaven (1945)
- Detour (1945)
- Gilda (1946)
- A Matter of Life and Death (1946)
- Lonesome Lenny (1946)
- The Killers (1946)
- Out of the Past (1947)
- The Naked City (1948)
- The Boy with Green Hair (1948)
- Bicycle Thieves (1949)
- Ragtime Bear (1949)[22]
- The Third Man (1949)
- Gerald McBoing-Boing (1950)
- The Asphalt Jungle (1950)
- Sunset Boulevard (1950)
- Rashomon (1950)
- Rooty Toot Toot (1951)[22]
- Symphony in Slang (1951)[23]
- Son of Paleface (1952)
- Singin' in the Rain (1952)
- Magical Maestro (1952)
- High Noon (1952)
- Duck Amuck (1953; also been called a postmodernist film)
- The Tell-Tale Heart (1953)[22]
- La Strada (1954)
- Voyage to Italy (1954)
- Magnificent Obsession (1954)
- La Pointe Courte (1955) [24]
- Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
- Artists and Models (1955)
- All That Heaven Allows (1955; also been called a postmodernist film)
- The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959)
- Kiss Me Deadly (1955)
- The Girl Can't Help It (1956)
- The Jaywalker (1956)
- The Man in the Grey Flannel Suit (1956)[25]
- Wild Strawberries (1957)
- N.Y., N.Y. (1957)
- Flebus (1957)[22]
- Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (1957)
- The Cranes Are Flying (1957)[26]
- The Seventh Seal (1957)
- What's Opera, Doc? (1957)[23]
- Vertigo (1958)
- Ashes and Diamonds (1958) [27]
- Hiroshima mon amour (1959; also been called a postmodernist film)
- The 400 Blows (1959)
- North by Northwest (1959)[25]
- The Best of Everything (1959)[25]
- L'Avventura (1960; also been called a postmodernist film)
- La dolce vita (1960)
- Breathless (1960)
- The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1961)
- Last Year at Marienbad (1961; also been called a postmodernist film)
- West Side Story (1961, also been called a postmodernist film)[28]
- Allures (1961)
- La Notte (1961)
- Surogat (1961)
- Cleo from 5 to 7 (1962) [29]
- Gay Purr-ee (1962)
- Now Hear This (1962)
- Experiment in Terror (1962)
- Two Weeks in Another Town (1962)
- The Critic (1963)[30]
- 8½ (1963; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Shock Corridor (1963)
- The Little Prince and the Eight-Headed Dragon (1963)[31]
- The Servant (1963)
- Bande à part (1964)[32]
- Marnie (1964)
- Mass for the Dakota Sioux (1964)
- Time Piece (1965)[33][34]
- Pierrot le Fou (1965, also been called a postmodernist film)
- The Hand (1965)
- Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (1965) [35]
- Breakaway (1966)
- Persona (1966; also called a postmodernist film)
- The Pop Show (1966)
- Blowup (1966; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Au hasard Balthazar (1966)
- Far from Vietnam (1967)[36]
- Le Samouraï (1967)[37]
- Playtime (1967; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Accident (1967)
- Report (1967)
- Point Blank (1967)[38]
- Symbiopsychotaxiplasm: Take One (1968; also called a postmodernist film)
- Black Panthers (1968)
- Medium Cool (1968)
- Monterey Pop (1968)[39]
- 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968; also been called a postmodernist film)
- God Respects Us When We Work, But Loves Us When We Dance (1968)
- The Glass Harmonica (1968)[40]
- Funeral Parade of Roses (1969; also called a postmodernist film)
- In the Year of the Pig (1969)
- My Name Is Oona (1969)
- The Color of Pomegranates (1969; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Zabriskie Point (1970)
- Gimme Shelter (1970)
- The Murder of Fred Hampton (1971)
- W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism (1971)
- Punishment Park (1971)
- Belladonna of Sadness (1973)[41]
- Day for Night (1973; also been called a postmodernist film)
- The Holy Mountain (1973; also been called a postmodernist film)
- Apple in the River (1974)
- A Woman Under the Influence (1974)
- The Diary (1974)
- Arabesque (1975)
- Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975)
- F for Fake (1975; also called a postmodernist film)[42]
- Mirror (1975)[43]
- Mr. Klein (1976)
- Tale of Tales (1979)
- Bubble Bath (1979)[44][45]
- Dead Mountaineer's Hotel (1979)
- Personal Problems (1980)[46]
- Son of the White Mare (1981)[47]
- Mona Lisa (1986)[48]
- My Beautiful Laundrette (1986)[48]
- Prick Up Your Ears (1987)[48]
- The Dead (1987)[49]
- Robot Carnival (1987)[50]
- High Hopes (1988)[48]
- Creature Comforts (1989; also been called a postmodernist film)[48]
- Blue (1993)[48]
- The White Balloon (1995)[51]
- The Mirror (1997; also called a postmodernist film)[51]
- Khrustalyov, My Car! (1998; also called a postmodernist film)[52]
- Julien Donkey-Boy (1999)[46]
21st century
- The Circle (2000)[51]
- Timecode (2000; also been called a postmodernist film)[46]
- All About Lily Chou-Chou (2001; also been called a postmodernist film)[46]
- Ten (2002)[53]
- Russian Ark (2002; also called a postmodernist film)[46]
- Star Wars: Attack of the Clones (2002)[46]
- Destino (2003)[54]
- Party Monster (2003; also been called a postmodernist film)[46]
- Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004)[46]
- Sin City (2005)[46]
- Inland Empire (2006)[46]
- Miami Vice (2006)[46]
- Offside (2006)[51]
- Speed Racer (2008)[46]
- Antichrist (2009; also been called a postmodernist film)[46]
- Valhalla Rising (2009)[46]
- Film Socialisme (2010; also been called a postmodernist film)[46]
- Melancholia (2011)[46]
- Holy Motors (2012; also been called a postmodernist film)[46]
- Life of Pi (2012)[46]
- The Great Gatsby (2013)[46]
- Hard to Be a God (2013)[55]
- Goodbye to Language (2014; also been called a postmodernist film)[46]
- Tangerine (2015)[46]
- Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk (2016)[46]
- The Dead Nation (2017)[56]
- 24 Frames (2017)[57]
- I Do Not Care If We Go Down in History as Barbarians (2018)[58]
- The Image Book (2018)[46]
- The Green Knight (2022)[46]
- The People's Joker (2022)[46]
- Megalopolis (2024)[46]
List of notable modernist filmmakers
- John Huston
- Lars Von Trier (also called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Abbas Kiarostami (also called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Jafar Panahi (also called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Radu Jude (also called a postmodernist filmmaker)[59][60][61]
- Zoltán Huszárik[62]
- Hermína Týrlová[63]
- Aleksei Balabanov (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Chantal Ackerman
- Robert Aldrich
- Michelangelo Antonioni (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Tex Avery (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Jordan Belson
- Ingmar Bergman (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Stan Brakhage
- Robert Bresson
- Andrei Khrzhanovsky (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Luis Buñuel
- John Cassavetes (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Shirley Clarke
- Bruce Conner (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Jules Dassin
- Emile de Antonio
- Maya Deren
- Yevgeny Bauer
- Carl Theodore Dreyer
- Blake Edwards
- Rainer Werner Fassbinder
- Federico Fellini (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- John Ford
- Sam Fuller
- Jean-Luc Godard (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- William Greaves (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- D.W. Griffith
- Alfred Hitchcock (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- John and Faith Hubley
- Chuck Jones (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Ernest Pintoff
- Buster Keaton
- Charlie Chaplin
- William Klein
- Stanley Kubrick (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Akira Kurosawa
- Fritz Lang
- Joseph Losey
- Ida Lupino
- Len Lye
- Chris Marker (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Norman McLaren
- Oscar Micheaux
- Vincente Minnelli
- Yasujirō Ozu
- Aleksei Yuryevich German (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Nicholas Ray
- Satyajit Ray
- Ivan Ivanov-Vano
- Alain Resnais (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Tony Richardson
- Roberto Rossellini
- Douglas Sirk (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Andrei Tarkovsky (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Alexander Sokurov (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Sergei Parajanov (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Frank Tashlin
- Jacques Tati (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Jacques Tourneur
- Jiri Trnka
- François Truffaut (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Agnès Varda (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- Alexander Dovzhenko
- Vsevolod Pudovkin
- Lev Kuleshov
- Yakov Protazanov
- Sergei Eisenshtein
- Dziga Vertov
- Orson Welles (also been called a postmodernist filmmaker)
- John Whitney
Sources:[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][33][34][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145] [146][39][147][148][149][150][151][152] [153][154][155][156][157][158][159][18][44][45][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][31][47][48]
See also
- Minimalist film
- Maximalist film
- European art cinema
- Film noir
- Classical Hollywood cinema
- Melodrama
- Arthouse animation
- B movie
- Art film
- Vulgar auteurism
- World cinema
- Golden age of American animation
- Independent animation
- Limited animation
- A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese Through American Movies