Uddin joined the Bangladesh Civil Service on 25 April 1994.[7] He was the Assistant Commissioner (Land) of Gazipur District and Tangail District.[7] He served as the Upazila Nirbahi Officer in Gaibandha District and Natore District.[7] He was appointed the deputy commissioner of Panchagarh District from deputy secretary of Ministry of Industries in April 2013.[8] He met with tea garden owners and factory owners to settle a price dispute on green tea leaves.[9] He was present at the opening of the immigration center at Tetulia in February 2016.[10] He was transferred to Dhaka in 2016.[11]
Uddin was the deputy commissioner of Dhaka District.[7] As deputy commissioner, he moderated a hearing of the Anti-Corruption Commission on Bangladesh Road Transport Authority in May 2016.[12] Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians submitted a memorandum to him demanding the government release former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia in February 2018.[13]
Uddin was the personal secretary-1 to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina from January 2020.[14][15][16] He is the former director general of the Prime Minister's Office.[7]
Uddin was appointed secretary to the Prime Minister's Office on 8 December 2022.[15]He is a director of Biman since 2023. He is an independent director of British American Tobacco since 25 January 2023.[7] He is a director of Saudi-Bangladesh Industrial and Agricultural Investment Company Limited.[17] He is a director of Bangladesh Infrastructure Finance Fund Limited.[18] He is a director of Infrastructure Development Company.[19] He is a director of Grameen Bank.[20] He is a director of Hotels International Limited.[21] After the fall of the Sheikh Hasina led Awami League government he was made an officer on special duty.[22]