Molecular communication
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Molecular communications systems use the presence or absence of a selected type of molecule to digitally encode messages.[1] The molecules are delivered into communications media such as air and water for transmission. The technique also is not subject to the requirement of using antennas that are sized to a specific ratio of the wavelength of the signal. Molecular communication signals can be made biocompatible and require very little energy.[2][3]
Molecular signaling is used by plants and animals, such as the pheromones that insects use for long-range signaling.[2][4]