Monteoru culture

Geographical rangeRomania, Moldova

Datesc. 2400 BC - 16th century BC

Monteoru culture

Geographical range	Romania, Moldova
Period	Bronze Age
Dates	c. 2400 BC - 16th century BC
Preceded by	Glina-Schneckenberg culture
Followed by	Noua-Sabatinovka culture

The Monteoru culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture located in Romania and Moldova, dating from c. 2400 BC to the 16th century BC. It was derived from the preceding Glina-Schneckenberg culture and succeeded by the Noua-Sabatinovka culture, and was contemporary with the related Tei culture.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] The Monteoru Culture is divided into Three main phases. IC, IB, IA and IIA. the IC Phase is further subdivided into IC4, IC3, IC2, and IC1. The Phases IC4-IC2 last approximately 2400-2250bc, and are the earliest manifestations of this Group. In this Phase, Inhumation in Stone Cist graves was Common, a trait shared with the Contemporary Naeni-Schneckengerg, Odaia Turculi and Dambotivsa Muscel Groups, whose closeness to Early Monteoru can be grouped into a broader horizon of Stone Cist Graves, dating 2400-2200bc, succeeding the Glina-Schneckenberg Culture.

According to Anthony (2007), chariotry spread westwards to the Monteoru culture from the Multi-cordoned ware culture.^[5]

Gold jewellery, c. 1600-1400 BC
Early Monteoru pottery
Fortified settlement site of Dealul Titelca, Romania
Chariot model, Arkaim museum

Genetics

References

↑ Boardman, John; Edwards, I.E.S; Hammond, N.G.L; Sollberger, E., eds. (1982). "1. The Prehistory of Romania, VII. The Bronze Age". The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 1 (Second ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 54–56. ISBN 978-0-521-22496-3. The Monteoru culture derived from the early Glina-Schneckenberg and included some elements that had persisted from the transitional period ... The last stage of the Monteoru culture (Balintesti-Girbovat, in south-eastern Moldova), which is missing at the eponymous site, forms the transition to the Noua culture of the Late Bronze Age.
↑ Boroffka, Nikolaus (2013). "Chapter 47: Romania, Moldova, and Bulgaria". In Harding, Anthony; Fokkens, Harry (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age. OUP Oxford. p. 889. ISBN 978-0-19-957286-1. While the Noua ceramic repertoire does not have precursors in Transylvania and may indeed be intrusive there, most pottery shapes (and ornaments) can be derived from the preceding Monteoru culture of western Moldavia.
↑ "Monteoru". archaeologs.
↑ Gimbutas, Marija (1965). Bronze Age Cultures in Central and Eastern Europe. De Gruyter. p. 219. ISBN 978-3-11-166814-7. The term Monteoru I shall use in its broadest sense, that is, as a name of a culture covering all phases of the Bronze Age and all its variants. Hence, the Early Bronze Age group such as the Schneckenberg B or Naeni-Schneckenberg Group around Brasov in eastern Transylvania, the Odaia-Turculi (Glina IV) and Dambovitsa Muscel groups, or the Late Bronze Age Noua culture will be treated as parts of Monteoru.
↑ Anthony, David (2007). The Horse, the Wheel, and Language. Princeton University Press. p. 411. ISBN 978-0-691-14818-2. Chariotry spread west through the Ukrainian steppe MVK [Mnogovalikovaya] culture into southeastern Europe's Monteoru (phase Icl-Ib), Vatin, and Otomani cultures
↑ Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; Acar, Ayşe; Açıkkol, Ayşen; Agelarakis, Anagnostis; Aghikyan, Levon; Akyüz, Uğur; Andreeva, Desislava; Andrijašević, Gojko; Antonović, Dragana; Armit, Ian; Atmaca, Alper; Avetisyan, Pavel; Aytek, Ahmet İhsan; Bacvarov, Krum (2022). "The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe". Science. 377 (6609) eabm4247. doi:10.1126/science.abm4247. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 10064553. PMID 36007055. S2CID 251843620.
↑ Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; Acar, Ayşe; Açıkkol, Ayşen; Agelarakis, Anagnostis; Aghikyan, Levon; Akyüz, Uğur; Andreeva, Desislava; Andrijašević, Gojko; Antonović, Dragana; Armit, Ian; Atmaca, Alper; Avetisyan, Pavel; Aytek, Ahmet İhsan; Bacvarov, Krum (2022). "The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe". Science. 377 (6609) eabm4247. doi:10.1126/science.abm4247. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 10064553. PMID 36007055. S2CID 251843620.

Genetics

See also

References

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