Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1885
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| Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1885 | |
|---|---|
| Type | Heavy mortar Siege artillery |
| Place of origin | France |
| Service history | |
| Used by | France |
| Wars | World War I |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Charles Ragon de Bange |
| Designed | 1885 |
| Produced | 1885 |
| No. built | 32 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 16.5 t (16 long tons) |
| Barrel length | 3.35 m (11 ft) L/12 |
| Shell | Separate loading bagged charges and projectiles |
| Shell weight | 180–230 kg (400–510 lb) |
| Caliber | 270 mm (11 in) |
| Breech | de Bange |
| Recoil | Hydraulic recoil mechanism |
| Elevation | 0° to +70° |
| Traverse | 30° |
| Rate of fire | 1 shot every three minutes |
| Muzzle velocity | 155–355 m/s (510–1,160 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 8 km (5 mi) |
The Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1885 was a French heavy mortar employed as siege artillery during the First World War.
The Mortier de 270 mm G mle 1885 was one of a series of heavy artillery pieces designed by Colonel Charles Ragon de Bange. On 11 May 1874 three de Bange heavy cannons (120 mm, 155 mm, 240 mm) and two mortars (220 mm, 270 mm) were ordered by the French Army.
The mle 1885 was advanced for its time due to being built completely of steel instead of a steel liner and cast iron reinforcing hoops of the previous Canon de 240 mm C mle 1870-87. The later Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889 was based on the mle 1885 and adapted to the coastal artillery role by fitting the same barrel to a different carriage.[1]
Although the majority of combatants had heavy field artillery prior to the outbreak of the First World War, none had adequate numbers of heavy guns in service, nor had they foreseen the growing importance of heavy artillery once the Western Front stagnated and trench warfare set in. Fortresses, armories, coastal fortification and museums were scoured for heavy artillery and sent to the front. Suitable field and rail carriages were built for these guns in an effort to give their forces the heavy field artillery needed to overcome trenches and hardened concrete fortifications.[2]