Jabal al-Nour

The mountain is where Muhammad is said to have had his first revelation and received five verses of the Quran, and was given the title Jabal an-Nūr ("Mountain of the Light" or "Mountain of the Enlightenment"). This experience is sometimes identified with the beginning of revelation; hence the present name.^[4] The date of the first revelation is said to have occurred on Laylat al-Qadr,^[5] one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan, suggested to have been around August of 610 A.D.

One physical feature that differentiates Jabal al-Nour from other mountains and hills is its unusual summit, which makes it look as if two mountains are on top of each other. Hira is both without water and vegetation other than a few thorns. Hira is higher than Thabīr (ثَبِيْر),^[a] and is crowned by a steep and slippery peak, which Muhammad with some companions once climbed.^[8]

The mountain is composed of intrusive igneous rocks, predominantly Precambrian aged coarse grained hornblende tonalite, with subordinate granodiorite.^[9]

The Cave of Hira was of minor significance before Islam; its name comes from hira (jewels). Taking 1750 walking steps to reach, it is about 3.7 m (12 ft) in length and 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in) in width.^[2] It is at a height of 270 m (890 ft).^[10] During the Hajj (pilgrimage), an estimated five thousand visitors climb to it daily to see the place where Muhammad is believed to have received the first revelation of the Quran on the Laylat al-Qadr (night of power) by the angel Jibreel (Gabriel).^[10] Most Muslims do not consider visiting the cave an integral part of the Hajj. Nonetheless, many visit it for reasons of personal pleasure and spirituality, and though some consider it a place of worship, this view conflicts with Salafist interpretations of Islamic ritual. While the cave plays an important role in As-Sīrah an-Nabawiyyah (prophetic biography), it is not considered as holy as other sites in Mecca, such as the Al-Haram Mosque, and so under most interpretations of Islam, the same reward is received for praying here as at any other place in Mecca.^[11]

According to Islamic tradition, before Muhammad's first revelation, he had transcendental dreams, in which were signs that his prophethood had begun and that the stones in Mecca would greet him with the salaam. These dreams lasted for six months.^[12]

An increasing need for solitude led Muhammad to seek seclusion and meditation (Muraqabah) in the rocky hills which surrounded Mecca.^[13] He retreated to the cave for one month each year, engaging in seclusion (Tahannuth).^[b][4][16] He took provisions and fed the poor who came to him. Before returning home to his family for more provisions, he would circumambulate the Kaaba seven times.^[16]

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  View of Jabal al-Nour
• 
  People entering the Cave of Hira
• 
  Overview of Jabal an-Nour
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  Cave Hira
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  Jabal e Noor
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  A photograph of Mecca in 2019, featuring Al-Masjid Al-Haram in the foreground, and Jabal an-Nour in the background. Jabal Abu Qubays is to east of the mosque, in the right hand side of the photograph.

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